--- In Wittrs@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Stuart W. Mirsky" <SWMirsky@...> wrote: > A "high degree of correlation" will not always imply causation. ...other things need to be present > including a clear indication that the X and Y being considered are directly related* Exactly. The problem. There is no way to show the direct relationship between a X fiber firing (the cause) and my report of feeling pain (the effect). Further complexity. If brain is mind, then the X fiber firing IS the pain, not its cause. Two sides of the coin argument. But what's the coin? We have two sides but no thing that has sides. More complexity. If X is the cause of Y it can be mediated by other factors A, B, C, all of which are at the same conceptual level as X and Y, molecules, let's say. So X drinking alcohol deprives the brain of oxygen required by fiber molecules. The "brain is drunk" is another way of saying that the oxygen molecules are blocked by the alcohol molecules. But "Bruce being drunk" requires a level of analysis that isn't available at the molecular level because there is no "Bruce" there. bruce and not merely coincident (as in having another common cause for both of them) and that there is an ontological or chronological relationship between them (observations of ontological or chronological dependence). So we can certainly speak of a "high degree of correlation" independently of "causation" but my point has always been that the degree of correlation must also fit into a certain context. But when it does, what's the point of asking if that still implies causation? What else could imply it? And how could causation ever be identified in any other way? We can't see it and we can't logically deduce it in any certain way a la Hume. > > SWM > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > > * Where someone like Bruce gets traction is in the claim that there is no conceivable way we can assert a context of "direct relation" between minds and brains BECAUSE they are fundamentally different things. But my argument is that this presupposes dualism (which needs to be separately defended) and that, indeed, we CAN explain mind in a way that allows it to be said to exist in a direct relation with brains, i.e., by seeing it not as a distinctly different ontological basic but as a function of what some physical things do in some cases (e.g., the turning of wheels). >