... imagine a possible language that used the word "thesis" exactly as ours does, with one exception. There is a special kind of thesis called an end-thesis. End-theses are those put forth to end the use of theses. Whenever someone proposed a thesis, they would indicate whether it was of such a kind to indicate that no other thesis could then be advanced by anyone else, ever. If it was not such a thing, it was simply a "thesis." The End-Thesis is thought to be "the final solution." Then one day a philosopher comes along and says: "I have found the End-Thesis: the business of presenting theses is wrong ...[because]." It would not be a contradiction in such a language game. The same is true of prophets. Imagine a set of prophets who come throughout the ages to state the law of God. Then, imagine the last prophet coming to end the activity. He is called in such language the end-prophet, because his charge is to end the business of using prophets to state the law. Let's imagine he did this because God no longer needed this vehicle as humanity reached a new epoch, sort of in the way that children receive different behaviors from their parents as they mature. And so the End-Prophet gave the word, "don't listen to prophets," and the matter was understood not as a contradiction. In fact, if one had objected to the End-Prophet and said, "but you are a prophet, so by the terms of your own premise I must not listen to you." The answer in this imaginary language would simply be: "No, I am not a prophet; I am the End-Prophet." In neither of these cases is the matter regarded as a "contradiction." In fact, one would have to say this about such a word. The word "contradiction" is local to systems of logic and should never be cited outside of those systems. Instead, the word "confusion" should be used. Something that is not a confusion could never be a "contradiction" -- or if it was, it wouldn't be material (in which case it would be a completely different sense of "contradiction"). Regards. Dr. Sean Wilson, Esq. Assistant Professor Wright State University Personal Website: http://seanwilson.org SSRN papers: http://ssrn.com/author=596860 Discussion Group: http://seanwilson.org/wittgenstein.discussion.html ========================================= Need Something? Check here: http://ludwig.squarespace.com/wittrslinks/