Phil:Policing authorities, even guards at Gitmo, are found to have exceeded their powers in acting abusively so it is silly to say that whatever they do is what they had the power to do. Eric: Let me try to illustrate the multiple-track empowerment notion. Interstate drivers, even off-duty cops, are found to have exceeded their powers [their legally allowed power) in driving at speeds faster than the posted speed limit. Traffic cops, all too aware of the double standard, set their radars at 75 mph(+) on 65mph roads. Drivers all know they are "legally" empowered only to drive 65 mph, but they feel "practically" empowered to drive 5 or even 10 mph faster. Introduce video cameras into the situation, and you are more likely to find adherence to 65 mph, because even though 75 mph is the REAL law of the interstate, transgression of the LEGAL law of the road is not something one would want to documented. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html