RP>(Broad on Butler)As a RP> psychological theory it was killed by Butler; but it still flourishes, I RP> believe, among bookmakers and smart young business men I love that! I meet it among rational economic thought types, whose argument is somewhat different: all our actions are self-interested (no action of ours is not in our interest). From an "altruistic" act, we derive psychic gratification. My irritation with the more mindless exponents of this view lives with a belief that in an important sense, they are correct, but that the appopriate response, when judging such an act, is "so what?". I think perhaps Broad's words here explain why: >(Broad) So it is true that all impulses belong to a self, and that >the carrying out of any impulse as such gives pleasure to that self. >But it is not true that all impulses have for their objects >states of the self whose impulses they are. And it is not true >that the object of any of them is the general happiness of the >self who owns them. thank you for the reference and the link, Robert Sunday, February 13, 2005, 7:21:23 AM, Robert Paul wrote: RP> I thought that Julie's point was that altruism ('altruism') as a motive doesn't RP> really exist--that the real motive behind so-called altruistic acts was really RP> the agent's own pleasure. At least that's how I understood her. RP> Hobbes argued somewhat in the same fashion: the real motive behind any act is RP> one's own good usually under the heading of RP> self-preservation. (Of course if RP> one's own well-being were always one's primary concern, altruism would be ruled RP> out immediately.) mailto:judithevans001@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html