ANDREAS, I think the Jonestown Mass-Suicide analogy is quite apt as a description of what happened in the First World War. We often hear the expression, "drink the Kool-Aid," which means "submit to the group," = deny your individuality (commit suicide). Nazism was based on the fantasy that the individual could not exist unless fused with the group. Hitler said, "You are nothing, your nation = is everything." This is the essence of all forms of totalitarianism: the fantasy of self-negation in the name of the "group." In the First World War, individuals "drank the Kool-Aid." When 900 people do it, we call it a "cult." When a million people do it, we call = it "culture." With regards, Richard Koenigsberg ____________________________________________________________ Library of Social Science Book Exhibits 92-30 56th Avenue, Suite 3-E, Elmhurst, NY 11373 http://home.earthlink.net/~lssbookexhibits/index.html Fax: 1-413-832-8145 Richard A. Koenigsberg, Ph. D., Director Telephone: 1-718-393-1081 Mei Ha Chan, Associate Director Telephone: 1-718-393-1075 Orion Anderson, Customer Service Manager Telephone: 1-718-393-1104 -----Original Message----- From: lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx = [mailto:lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Andreas Ramos Sent: Sunday, February 13, 2005 1:37 PM To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [lit-ideas] Re: Sacrifice > He is proud that even though his troops were "melting away under = fire," the soldiers=20 > continued to advance "in admirable order." In the face of the barrage = of bullets, his men=20 > did not waver, break ranks, or attempt to come back. It is difficult to emphasize with those men, to understand what they = were thinking and=20 feeling as they marched to their death. Did they realize they were going = to die? Did each=20 see his fellows ahead falling down? What led the individuals to supress their personal=20 thoughts and take on the will of the group? The event is unbelievable. If it hadn't happened, one couldn't imagine = that such a thing=20 could happen. It would be quite a challenge to write a novel from the point of view of = one of those men=20 and let the reader understand how they felt and why they did that. There's also the Jones Town mass suicide and the various cult suicides, where everyone in=20 the group takes on a no-other-possibilities view. yrs, andreas www.andreas.com=20 ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html