Robert wrote: Those who die 'for their country' are individuals and their acts, even if done with choreographed precision, are the acts of individual persons; the _state_ acts only in the way that other abstractions do, that is to say through those persons who are its supposed subjects or agents. There were no agents on the battlefields of WW I except individual soldiers. ____ It's precisely this parsing that I am questioning. That's why I asked "How much of the world are individuals? How much of the world are groups [nations]?" Nations [Sparta, Athens, e.g.] make war but individuals [hoplites, generals, sailors, etc.] fight it. But wait! Maybe it's that individuals [Napoleon, e.g.] make war, but nations [France, Prussia, England, Russia, etc.] fight it. What I'm trying to underscore here is that the abstraction of nation does not stand in sharp relief to the individual agents of war, but both interpenetrate the other. And yet the thesis of war as psychopathology operates from a distance that looks at the fallen individuals and mourns their madness. But this distance (to analyze and mourn the madness) presumes only individual agents subject to great unconscious fantasies, when a more complex interaction is involved here, competing levels of rationality if you will. I appreciate Robert Paul's attempt to help me straighten out my own thinking. There's something incommensurate in mourning individuals subject to collective madness as though these fallen dead were only individuals and not individuals-citizens. My moon is setting here in the east but I hope to take that thread out of the labyrinth nevertheless. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html