This is beginning to go seriously off-topic from Texbirds charter, but I will post one factual accounting and then go offline if anyone wants to discuss further, they can e-mail me directly. I have researched water usage in Texas and have come up with the following data from public sources - my sources are given in each case.  -  8,388 new oil and gas wells completed in 2011 in Texas (Texas Railroad Commission Data) There were 15,060 wells drilled in 2012 but I didnât find water data for 2012. - Approximately 41 billion gallons of water used in completion of the these wells using an average of 5,000,000 gallons per well if every well was a fracked well (which a significant number were not) (average water usage from Frac Focus website) - This gives a conservative (over-estimated) total usage of 128,800 acre feet of water (conversion factor of 325,851 gal/acre-ft)  From the Texas Water Development Board - 2011 statewide water use statistics in acre-feet 25,674,681 Private/public 11,082,577 Irrigation   4,866,918 Municipal/government   1,098,095 Manufacturing      472,097 Electric power generation     311,703 Livestock     267,400 Mining (includes fracking as well as all other mining operations) (equals 87 billion gals.)  Of these acre-feet 155,475 a/f was from subsurface (water wells/aquifers), and 111,927 a/f from surface sources. A lot of the frac drilling in Texas (maybe 2/3rds or more) is in dry regions with little or no surface water, so typically water wells are drilled if necessary (although water is trucked a lot also). My contacts in the oil industry say that ranchers like the companies to drill water wells since after the companies finish drilling and fracking the oil/gas wells, then they have a free water well for their livestock or irrigation purposes.  This could be seen as enabling expanded aquifer drainage, but no rancher will refuse a free water well in this current climate.  Steve Gast Houston, Texas segast23@xxxxxxxxx Edit your Freelists account settings for TEXBIRDS at //www.freelists.org/list/texbirds Reposting of traffic from TEXBIRDS is prohibited without seeking permission from the List Owner