Mike Geary had written: "I can imagine RP responding to me thusly: all we have is our experience of the world to go on." to which I agreed. This was confusing. I am agreeing that all we have is our experience of the world. Robert Paul wrote: "What I'm claiming is that if 'A causes (caused) B,' doesn't express a logical connection between A and B (so that one might say, 'The presence of A entails the presence of B'), then 'A caused B,' is our interpretation of 'Nature.' No inductive argument will get us beyond that either." My claim is that Robert seems to be suggesting that if one cannot have logical connections, then one must be doing interpretation. I don't see why it is one or the other. I also don't know how one interprets Nature, or even 'Nature'. Interpretation belongs to semantically-laden signifiers, not rocks. A look, a poem, or the phrase 'ding an sich' are the stuff of interpretation, not quartz. To interpret is to take something that is meaning-full and give it another meaning. On the other hand, Robert might be more of a mystic than he has let on. Sincerely, Phil Enns Toronto, ON ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html