On 2004/04/19, at 3:13, Scribe1865@xxxxxxx wrote: > Doesn't every group attack what it perceives to be "the outsider"? > Don't > attacks against "outsiders" also serve to enhance the feeling of group > solidarity? That every human group defines itself by opposition to non-members is a truism. It is also true, however, that the form and intensity of attacks against outsiders varies enormously across both space and time. Contrast, for example, the the combination of joking behavior and occasional real irritation that affects how the British and French now feel about each other with the deadly enmity of Serbs and Kosovars or Israelis and Palestinians. Consider, for instance, how American newspapers depicted the Japanese circa 1943 with the way in which they depict them now--a shift from demonic enemies to altogether too peaceful weaklings who need, some say, to be encouraged to stand up for themselves. While a contrast between self and other is a necessary condition for violent enmity to occur, it is not at all a sufficient one. John L. McCreery International Vice Chair, Democrats Abroad Tel 81-45-314-9324 Email mccreery@xxxxxxx >>Life isn't fair. Democracy should be. << ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html