But to go back to my original question, which was basically a linguistic observation regarding hate crimes as anthropological phenomena--these are called race crimes because the target is often perceived to be of a certain race, or gay bashing when the target is perceived to be gay, or religious persecution because a certain religion is targeted--but aren't they all crimes of violently resisting "cultural invasion"? These are all crimes of violence that are cultural (hence anthropological) in origin -- different from a bully kid attacking a weakling kid (Dr. Borowik's observation) or an abused child recapitulating their own abuse (Tor's observation). When we name these crimes are we referencing our perception of the perpetrator's motives? Or are we privileging our own sense of cultural development (e.g., pulling "race" out of the Other bag because we know so well there are no pure races and racism is bad) in a subtle manner? ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html