Allen D As Philip has said, this argument is not about Geo/Heliocentricity. It is about mechanics. To emphasise this point, the main players are the Earth/Moon system and the Sun/Uranus system. In both Geo and Helio scenarios, the Moon orbits the Earth and Uranus orbits the Sun. (A proviso here is that the flavour of the Geo scenario must be Tychonian, not Ptolemaic). Definitions: 1. Revolve - the translation of a body about another -- usually rather more massive -- body. Either one, the other, both or neither may be rotating and in either direction. In fact, these two bodies actually revolve -- in a two body system -- about their barycentre. 2. Rotate - the radial motion of a body about a line which passes through its centre of gravity -- its axis. 3. Barycentre - that point on a line between the centres of gravity of the two bodies, where the centre of gravity of the two body system is located. In the Earth/Moon system, these two bodies revolve about their barycentre which is in fact within the volume of the Earth. The centres of gravity and the barycentre are in a straight line and lie on the plane of the orbit of the Moon. The Moon's equator is inclined to the plane of it's orbit by ~6.7 deg thus its axis of rotation is inclined to its orbital plane by ~83.3 deg. In the Sun/Uranus system, these two bodies revolve about their barycentre which again is well within the volume of its primary. Again the centres of gravity and the barycentre are in a straight line and lie on the plane of the orbit of Uranus. Uranus' axis of rotation is ~97.8 deg from vertical to its orbital plane thus only ~(minus)7.8 deg from its orbital plane. The difference between the angle of the Moon's axis of rotation and the plane of its orbit, and between Uranus' rotation and the plane of its orbit, is close to 90 deg, yet you insist that in each case there is a '... progressive radial orientation to a common point.' The expression 'common point' implicitly indicates that there are two or more entities involved eg rotation about an axis and revolution (translation) about a point. Far from your assertion that you answered my question specifically (let's be honest Allen -- I can recall only a single occasion where you made a specific statement, and this was not that occasion) I saw no answer. I ask you again -- where is the common point of rotation which holds true in each case and by extension, in ALL cases? If there is a specific answer, an imbecile could do it in ten words or less. Paul D Start your day with Yahoo!7 and win a Sony Bravia TV. Enter now http://au.docs.yahoo.com/homepageset/?p1=other&p2=au&p3=tagline