[lit-ideas] Re: Israel's Invasion Pretext Under Fire
- From: "John McCreery" <john.mccreery@xxxxxxxxx>
- To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 04:21:01 +0900
I'm not taking sides in this one. But here's a different angle to ponder.
===============================
By BERNARD HAYKEL
WITH Israel at war with Hezbollah, where, you might wonder, is Al Qaeda?
From all appearances on the Web sites frequented by its sympathizers,
which I frequently monitor, Al Qaeda is sitting, unhappily and uneasily,
on the sidelines, watching a movement antithetical to its philosophy
steal its thunder. That might sound like good news. But it is more
likely an ominous sign.
Al Qaeda's Sunni ideology regards Shiites as heretics and profoundly
distrusts Shiite groups like Hezbollah. It was Al Qaeda that is reported
to have given Sunni extremists in Iraq the green light to attack Shiite
civilians and holy sites. A Qaeda recruiter I met in Yemen described the
Shiites as "dogs and a thorn in the throat of Islam from the beginning
of time."
But now Hezbollah has taken the lead on the most incendiary issue for
jihadis of all stripes: the fight against Israel.
Many Sunnis are therefore rallying to Hezbollah's side, including the
Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Jordan. The Saudi cleric Salman al-Awda
has defied his government's anti-Hezbollah position, writing on his Web
site that "this is not the time to express our differences with the
Shiites because we are all confronted by our greater enemy, the criminal
Jews and Zionists."
For Al Qaeda, it is a time of panic. The group's Web sites are abuzz
with messages and questions about how to respond to Hezbollah's success.
One sympathizer asks whether, even knowing that the Shiites are traitors
and the accomplices of the infidel Americans in Iraq, it is permissible
to say a prayer for Hezbollah. He is told to curse Hezbollah along with
Islam's other enemies.
Several of Al Qaeda's ideologues have issued official statements
explaining Hezbollah's actions and telling followers how to respond to
them. The gist of their argument is that the Shiites are conspiring to
destroy Islam and to resuscitate Persian imperial rule over the Middle
East and ultimately the world. The ideologues label this effort the
"Sassanian-Safavid conspiracy," in reference to the Sassanians, a
pre-Islamic Iranian dynasty, and to the Safavids, a Shiite dynasty that
ruled Iran and parts of Iraq from 1501 till 1736.
They go on to argue that thanks to the United States (the leader of the
Zionist-Crusader conspiracy), Iraq has been handed over to the Shiites,
who are now wantonly massacring the country's Sunnis. Syria is already
led by a Shiite heretic, President Bashar al-Assad, whose policies harm
the country's Sunni majority.
Hezbollah, according to these analyses, seeks to dupe ordinary Muslims
into believing that the Shiites are defending Islam's holiest cause,
Palestine, in order to cover for the wholesale Shiite alliance with the
United States in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Ultimately, this theory goes, the Shiites will fail in their efforts
because the Israelis and Americans will destroy them once their role in
the broader Zionist-Crusader conspiracy is accomplished. And then God
will assure the success of the Sunni Muslims and the defeat of the
Zionists and Crusaders.
In the meantime, no Muslim should be fooled by Hezbollah, whose members
have never fought the infidel on any of the real battlefronts, like
Afghanistan, Bosnia, Chechnya or Kashmir. The proper attitude for
Muslims to adopt is to dissociate themselves completely from the Shiites.
This analysis â conspiratorial, bizarre and uncompelling, except to the
most diehard radicals â signals an important defeat for Al Qaeda's
public relations campaign. The truth is that Al Qaeda has met a
formidable challenge in Hezbollah and its charismatic leader, Sheik
Hassan Nasrallah, who have made canny choices that appeal to Al Qaeda's
Sunni followers. Al Qaeda's improbable conspiracy theory does little to
counter these advantages.
First, although Sheik Nasrallah wears the black turban and carries the
title of "sayyid," both of which identify him as a Shiite descendant of
the Prophet Muhammad, he preaches a nonsectarian ideology and does not
highlight his group's Shiite identity. Hezbollah has even established an
effective alliance with Hamas, a Sunni and Muslim Brotherhood organization.
Second, Hezbollah's statements focus on the politics of resistance to
occupation and invoke shared Islamic principles about the right to
self-defense. Sheik Nasrallah is extremely careful to hew closely to the
dictates of Islamic law in his military attacks. These include such
principles as advance notice, discrimination in selecting targets and
proportionality.
Finally, only Hezbollah has effectively defeated Israel (in Lebanon in
2000) and is now taking it on again, hitting Haifa and other places with
large numbers of rockets â a feat that no Arab or Muslim power has
accomplished since Israel's founding in 1948.
These are already serious selling points. And Hezbollah will score a
major propaganda victory in the Muslim world if it simply remains
standing in Lebanon after the present bout of warfare is over and
maintains the relationships it is forging with Hamas and other Sunni
Islamist organizations.
What will such a victory mean? Perhaps Hezbollah's ascendancy among
Sunnis will make it possible for Shiites and Sunnis to stop the
bloodletting in Iraq â and to focus instead on their "real" enemies,
namely the United States and Israel. Rumblings against Israeli actions
in Lebanon from both Shiites and Sunnis in Iraq already suggest such an
outcome.
That may be good news for Iraqis, but it marks a dangerous turn for the
West. And there are darker implications still. Al Qaeda, after all, is
unlikely to take a loss of status lying down. Indeed, the rise of
Hezbollah makes it all the more likely that Al Qaeda will soon seek to
reassert itself through increased attacks on Shiites in Iraq and on
Westerners all over the world â whatever it needs to do in order to
regain the title of true defender of Islam.
Bernard Haykel, an associate professor of Islamic Studies at New York
University, is the author of "Revival and Reform in Islam."
--
John McCreery
The Word Works, Ltd., Yokohama, JAPAN
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