> Surely what characterizes al-Qaida, besides their ruthlessness, is their incredible efficiency. Have there been any other groups of similarly limited size and resources that have inflicted comparable damage on such mighty opponents? The Islamic jihad's greatest victory was to force the USSR to abandon Afghanistan. The Soviets were utterly ruthless, with indiscriminate bombing, massacres, and so on, yet Islamic fundamentalists won against a superpower. Mr. bin Laden (as the New York Times calls him) was one of the principal organizers of that jihad. Who else has had such a level of success? I can think of T. E. Lawrence, who led desert tribes in an insurgency to throw the Ottoman Empire out of the Saudi peninsula. Ho Chi Ming threw the French and later, the USA, out of Vietnam. yrs, andreas www.andreas.com ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html