Written work does not have to be registered for it to be copyrighted. So if Sue Russell wrote the book in 2002 that is the copyright date for the book. Just because it was not registered until 2003 does not mean it was not copyrighted at the time of writing/publishing. www.loc.gov says: In general, registration is voluntary. Copyright exists from the moment the work is created. You will have to register, however, if you wish to bring a lawsuit for infringement of a U.S. work Jamie in Michigan To unsubscribe from this list send a blank Email to bksvol-discuss-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx put the word 'unsubscribe' by itself in the subject line. To get a list of available commands, put the word 'help' by itself in the subject line.