If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences". Irene: >> Unfortunately, 'if' virtually never happens. Denial rules. Reality doesn't >> enter into the picture until some shock happens after which the consensus >> changes and the 'reality' suddenly changes. So has the reality changed or >> has what everybody thinks about the reality changed? << I disagree entirely, wholly, thoroughly and completely, but not absolutely. How one perceives the world is the world to that person. It is her reality. There is no reality to any one individual except that reality perceived (believed) by that individual. Why do I insert a parenthetical "believe"? Because perception is controlled to a great extent by belief, by expectation. We perceive what we believe in. So does it end in solipsism? I don't think so. There are shared observations, to be sure, else there wouldn't be traffic lights or language even. In thought, there are agreed upon logical conclusions drawn from premises (in so far as the rules of logic define logical). So, if perception is ruled by belief as I assert, can I explain these anomalies No. Though we are reared, shamed, taught, whipped into conformance to a certain culture, there's always that wild neuron in the brain capable at any moment of sparking a new, totally unexpected thought. We are culturally solipsistic with the proviso that though most brains tend to follow in the ruts of their forbearers, some others like to strike out into the deep, dark woods. In other words, I don't know. I don't think so. Cultural solipsism or ethno-centrism, besides giving us a way to interpret existence and live somewhat comfortably among others of similar disposition is also always open to rebuttal and refusal and enlargement. We are not the trains you would like to believe we are, else we'd still be living in cold, dark caves and gnawing on raw meat. Mike Geary ----- Original Message ----- From: Andy To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 9:38 AM Subject: [lit-ideas] Re: On Nip Thievery "If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences". That big ole 'if' sitting there. If grandma had wheels she'd be a railroad. If people behaved rationally we'd have heaven on earth (natural catastrophes notwithstanding, and even those would be dealt with much more positively). --- On Fri, 6/6/08, John McCreery <john.mccreery@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: From: John McCreery <john.mccreery@xxxxxxxxx> Subject: [lit-ideas] Re: On Nip Thievery To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Date: Friday, June 6, 2008, 4:36 AM On Fri, Jun 6, 2008 at 12:36 PM, Andy <mimi.erva@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: Yes, of course, the earth was round, nature is not a human plaything, democracy was not on the march, etc. etc. The problem is humans are indifferent to everything unless they agree that it exists, that it's important, that it's not important, etc. Reality doesn't enter into the picture. To question anything is literally heresy, whether religious or political or any other kind. Humans also talk a good line about definitions but that's as far it goes most of the time. We stand on the shoulders of giants. William Isaac Thomas (b. Russell County, Virginia, 13 August 1863, d. Berkeley, California, 5 December 1947), was an American sociologist. He is noted for his pioneering work on the sociology of migration on which he co-operated with Florian Znaniecki, and for his formulation of what became known as the Thomas theorem, a fundamental law of sociology: "If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences". [Thomas, William I.; Thomas, Dorothy: The Child in America (Alfred Knopf, 1929, 2nd ed., p. 572)] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._I._Thomas John McCreery The Word Works, Ltd., Yokohama, JAPAN Tel. +81-45-314-9324 http://www.wordworks.jp/