Here's my rant on the subject. <g> I think that it is absolutely essential for all students to learn braille if they can not, or probably will not be able to, read print at at least around 130 words per minute or faster. If you read more slowly than that you won't be able to read aloud at all naturally, and keeping up in any situation where you need to read will be difficult. I am upset that I can not read braille fast, but I can read anything without a problem. I always wonder if I could have learned to read faster in braille if I would have been pushed harder when I started to learn in kindergarten. They didn't know that I would lose my sight completely later, so they taught me, but didn't work very hard at teaching me. At least they did start, though. In Third grade when reading braille really became necessary for me, I was often bored to death by what they made me read because they were books for beginner readers. They told me they knew I didn't like to read, but I had to learn, when actually I loved to read as long as the material was for my grade level or above. I was used to books above my grade level in other forms. They should have given me material to activate my brain and just let me struggle and learn as I went. Another problem is that so many people make the student believe that learning braille is extremely difficult, and that people who learn it are extraordinary. If they don't start out with that attitude they are probably going to find it less difficult. Learning anything takes work, and so braille will be work too, but it probably won't be the hardest thing they are asked to learn in school. I have a problem with the "I can't learn" attitude no matter what the subject is, so don't try it with me. :-) And if anyone catches me using that excuse they have my permission to wack me. <bg> I don't think that braille is the only means of absorbing information, though. I can learn and retain just as much from listening or reading. I am faster when listening, so for things where time is a factor I would choose audio, but for things that require picking at detail, such as languages or math, braille is the only way for me. for all other things they are equal as far as I'm concerned. Actually, it would be good if all children were given the opertunity to practice learning entirely from listening as many blind children do. It is as valuable a skill as reading is. I am frequently annoyed with peoples' poor listening comprehention, but I suppose they just don't realize it is a problem, or could be improved. As for spelling, I don't think anything but constant writing and a spellcheck helps me. <g> I don't learn to spell from reading in braille, because I seem to think in sound rather than in letters. Occasionally I will realize, as I am reading, that I don't know how to spell a word I have just read. then I will go back and try to memorize it, but if I am not thinking about it I won't learn from reading it. I also don't know how a braille reader can learn to read in phrases instead of words. You just don't feel enough at a time. If someone can tell me how, I would be happy to know. :-) I understand that some people might not hear the words in there head when they read in braille, but only see or feel it in the mind, but I don't think you can speed read in ideas the way some print readers can. Sarah Van Oosterwijck curious entity at earthlink dot net