Andreas Ramos wrote: "Nobody could possibly say that Christianity encouraged modern society or liberal democracy." I would trace the ideal of liberal democracy back to Luther's credo 'Sola fide', and so happily claim that Christianity lay the foundations for liberal democracy. (This is not to make the claim that Christianity is the foundation for liberal democracy.) By insisting on the individual's ability to be the final arbiter of faith, Luther laid the foundation for the liberal democratic notion that each citizen is the final arbiter of their pursuit of the good. The final authority for an individual's goals and ideals lies not with a prince or religious figure, but the individual. When Luther failed to show the same courage towards the princes as he had toward the Pope, by allowing the princes to determine the faith within their realms, the Radical Reformation was formed. This continuation of the reformation ideal then insisted that there ought to be a separation between the sacred and secular realm, leading to the separation of church and state. The beliefs that each individual is responsible for their own ends and that matters of faith must be separated from matters of politics form two of the cornerstones of liberal democracy. Sincerely, Phil Enns Glen Haven, NS ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html