I had written: "Groups like al Qaeda and the Muslim Brotherhood are dangerous, and people who support these groups must be challenged. However, these groups are not existential threats to countries like the U.S. or even Israel." to which Eric replied: "Scenario: al-Qaeda style attack. Five small nuclear weapons detonated simultaneously in five major US cities. Decapitation of government. Assistant Secretary of Agriculture put in charge. He orders retaliatory nuclear strikes against Mecca, Tehran, Damascus, Pyongyang, and in his madness, Islamabad. China reacts by launching first strike of one hundred nukes at US. US reacts by sending 500 nukes at China. Russia reacts, and either in preemption or response, the US sends 700 nukes at Russia as it sends 100 nukes at what's left of the US. India sees a chance to attack what's left of Pakistan but not before Pakistan lobs a few nukes at India. The rest is described in _The Road_." If we follow Eric's scenario, the existential threat is not an al Qaeda style attack, which may have devastating effects but would not mean the end of the U.S. Rather, the existential threat would lie in how the U.S. responds to such an attack and the blowback that would necessarily follow. This is similar to what happened on 9/11. The attacks on New York City and the Pentagon were not even remotely a threat to the country and its existence. However, the U.S. response has proved far more costly, in terms of human beings and resources, and more devastating to the politics of the U.S. Al Qaeda and similar groups are very dangerous, but the threat they pose to countries like the U.S. is quite limited. And, to quote from a movie, 'Every search for a hero must begin with something which every hero requires, a villain.' For those who need a villain, and such a need is not limited to individuals of a particular political stripe, these groups are not sufficient. But Islam could easily be portrayed as a monster worthy of Bellerophon. Sincerely, Phil Enns Indonesia ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html