This is to be informative not argumentitive. I have asked print readers, and have found out that double dashes are sometimes used instead of the long m-dash in print, so it is not only braille readers that find it an acceptable alternative. That does not mean that m-dash should not be used when possible, however, since m-dash was probably used in the book being scanned, and it is the more common symbol. I just don't want anyone to get all bent out of shape about them. :-) Sarah Van Oosterwijck curious entity at earthlink dot net