Usually the specs give two numbers: - ISO(P) - speed of the paper (no link with film speed ISOs) - ISO(R) - contrast of the paper Example below on page 2: [http://www.ilfordphoto.com/Webfiles/20135221310281826.pdf](http://www.ilfordphoto.com/Webfiles/20135221310281826.pdf) Said that, the grade numbers usually don't match from a brand to another. Even if the ISO(R) number do match, the result may appear different. Claudio Bonavolta www.bonavolta.ch *Le 26 juillet 2013 20:09, Sauerwald Mark a écrit: *> I understand how a higher number for the contrast of a paper, or for variable contrast papers, using a filter for the higher grade results in a higher contrast print. What I am wondering is if there is any objective measure of what a contrast grade of 'N' is. If I use contrast grade 3 paper from one manufacturer, will I see the same contrast as if I use grade 3 from another manufacturer? I imagine that plotting the exposure vs density you would be able to measure the slope of the curve at some point (perhaps when the density is at a predefined level,) and the steeper the slope, the greater the contrast - and you could define the contrast grades by defining this gradient for each grade has that been done? If so, where is it documented? Mark