Hi, Does this apply to me even though I am not responsible for the operating system and the programs that go with it? Thanks. Jim Jim Homme, Usability Services, Phone: 412-544-1810. Skype: jim.homme Internal recipients, Read my accessibility blog. Discuss accessibility here. Accessibility Wiki: Breaking news and accessibility advice -----Original Message----- From: programmingblind-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:programmingblind-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Øyvind Lode Sent: Wednesday, July 28, 2010 11:18 AM To: programmingblind@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: RE: Learning What I Need To Know About Basic Linux And you don't need to worry that much about keeping apache, php, mysql up to date. Don't get me wrong though, it's very important to always have the latest security updates installed. But that's the nice thing about CentOS, Debian and so on because they all provide security updates in binary packages ready for you to install. The most common tool for red hat and then also centos is yum. Yum is the default package management command on centos/rhel. Ok, rpm is the package management tool, but yum is the high level tool. So to keep your system up to date: $ yum update Or yum upgrade... Please forgive me - it's quite some time since I used a Red Hat / RPM system. But read the Red Hat docs. They will teach you all you need about rpm and yum. -----Original Message----- From: Øyvind Lode [mailto:oyvind.lode@xxxxxxxxx] Sent: 28. juli 2010 17:07 To: programmingblind@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: RE: Learning What I Need To Know About Basic Linux Yep, the $ was just to indicate a command <smile> SHELL is all capitals and all environment variables are in caps. In bash at least. But tcsh use lower case by default. Yes, there is a env command and it will of cource list all environment variables etc. -----Original Message----- From: programmingblind-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:programmingblind-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Homme, James Sent: 28. juli 2010 17:00 To: programmingblind@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: RE: Learning What I Need To Know About Basic Linux Hi, I'm thinking that I don't type in that first $. And is SHELL case sensitive? Is it a constant? Does Unix have an env command the way DOS does? Sorry for all the questions. Jim Jim Homme, Usability Services, Phone: 412-544-1810. Skype: jim.homme Internal recipients, Read my accessibility blog. Discuss accessibility here. Accessibility Wiki: Breaking news and accessibility advice -----Original Message----- From: programmingblind-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:programmingblind-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Øyvind Lode Sent: Wednesday, July 28, 2010 10:56 AM To: programmingblind@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: RE: Learning What I Need To Know About Basic Linux $ echo $SHELL Will give you the shell which is used. -----Original Message----- From: programmingblind-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:programmingblind-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Martin Slack Sent: 28. juli 2010 16:53 To: programmingblind@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: Re: Learning What I Need To Know About Basic Linux Hi Jim, Starting way down your list of questions, I think there is a command to say which shell is running, but I can't recall it right now. I find that if you enter an unrecognised command, the bash shell starts its error message with the word 'bash:'. If you cat /etc/shells you should get a list of all the available shells on your system. Start reading from there :-) hth Martin ----- Original Message ----- From: "Homme, James" <james.homme@xxxxxxxxxxxx> To: <programmingblind@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> Sent: Wednesday, July 28, 2010 1:36 PM Subject: Learning What I Need To Know About Basic Linux Hi, On the system I'm using, I don't have the authority to administrate the operating system, but I do have the authority, and need to, administrate the other software on the box that doesn't come with it, so I need to come up to speed yesterday. You know how that is. I cracked open the book called Learning The Unix Operating System Fifth Edition and started using it to learn basic commands. Among other things, two things are tripping me up. First, I'm using Putty. I have it set up properly with JAWS, but I'm being driven crazy any time data needs to scroll the screen because the whole screen is being spoken. The second thing has to do with knowing what I need to learn. I'm just trying to learn what I need to know for now, and branching out from there. Unfortunately, I'm not sure exactly what all that entales. But fortunately, I do have some time, because we're just starting to use MySQL and PHP. So I see three big tasks or things to learn. * What's involved in administrating Apache, like not letting the logs get too big, possibly installing a friendly statistics package, or whatever. * Setting up daily backups of the changed MySQL database or databases that we have. * Whatever MySQL administration that I have no earthly idea I may need to do. * I'll have to upgrade MySQL at some point. * I'll have to upgrade PHP at some point. * I pray that I never have to upgrade Apache. * Possibly installing some nice, convenient packages like PHPMyAdmin. But I'm thinking that like the people who were advocating learning the dirty way, I think it's best to probably learn how to do it from command lines so that I have total control and really know what's going on. But I'm starting with basic commands, but at the same time, trying to do my first Drupal installation, and I'm in real trouble because of course there's this deadline. Back to my UNIX book. Specifically, I didn't see in the book two things. First, what permissions do files and directories automatically get when you create them? Second, I used to know a little more about some sort of file in my home directory that I could put stuff in to customize the environment a little more. I know that that file has a name that starts with a period. Yet another thing. I'm pretty sure that the shell I'm using is called the bash shell, but I don't know how to find out. And how does that affect how I work with the system? For example, if there's another shell that's better, what is it, what does better mean, and how to I turn it on. Like I was thinking of making aliases for cp and rm that automatically run the -i option to keep myself from trashing stuff. Someone please hold my hand and tell me it'll be all right. <grin> Jim Jim Homme, Usability Services, Phone: 412-544-1810. Skype: jim.homme Internal recipients, Read my accessibility blog<http://mysites.highmark.com/personal/lidikki/Blog/default.aspx>. Discuss accessibility here<http://collaborate.highmark.com/COP/technical/accessibility/default.asp x>. Accessibility Wiki: Breaking news and accessibility advice<http://collaborate.highmark.com/COP/technical/accessibility/Accessibi lity%20Wiki/Forms/AllPages.aspx> ________________________________ This e-mail and any attachments to it are confidential and are intended solely for use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If you have received this e-mail in error, please notify the sender immediately and then delete it. If you are not the intended recipient, you must not keep, use, disclose, copy or distribute this e-mail without the author's prior permission. 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