McEvoy amusingly rephrases the conversation as being: Russell: Are you tormented by your logic or your sins. Witters: Both. McEvoy comments: "The Russell story about whether W was tormented in thought by "logic" or his "sins" - "Both" replied W - might easily be thought that of a humourless person..." For the record, as quoted by C. B .: In a message dated 2/13/2014 7:54:11 A.M. Eastern Standard Time, cblists@xxxxxxxx writes: "Once I [Russell] said to him [Witters]: 'Are you thinking about logic, or about your sins?' 'Both', he replied." In propositional logic: ψw(p, q) where "p" is logic and "q" is 'my sins'. There may be an implicature that logic IS a sin. As the Queen reminds to Alice: "I can't believe that!" said Alice. "Can't you?" the Queen said in a pitying tone. "Try again: draw a long breath, and shut your eyes." Alice laughed. "There's no use trying," she said: "one can't believe impossible things." "I daresay you haven't had much practice," said the Queen. "When I was your age, I always did it for half-an-hour a day. Why, sometimes I've believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast." i.e. the Queen believes. She believes that p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, and p6 -- the fact that each proposition is impossible should concern Witters -- NOT the Queen. Now, it may be argued that thinking is mono-propositional. Suppose I think that the cat is black and that the cat is on the mat. This may be summarised as me thinking that the black cat is on the mat. If I think that London is the capital of the United Kingdom and that Picasso is a great painter, a cognitive psychologist may wonder if these thoughts are thought IN SUCCESSION. Back to Russell: Russell: Are you thinking about logic, or about your sins? Witters: Both. Russell is assuming a monopropositional account of thinking. Are you thinking p OR q? Answer: I'm thinking p AND q. The problem is that 'my sins' and 'logic' do not really allow for a propositional format -- in terms of 'that'-clause. Witters was thinking that he was a sinful person and that logic is important. These two thoughts look indeed so disparate that Witters's curt reply, as McEvoy suggests, cannot but be understood as a 'punch line' (keyword: punchiness). Or not. Cheers Speranza ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html