Thanks to R. Paul for the further quote, this time from Monk. We are considering the claim (often ascribed to Black or other critic of the Tractatus) that the Tractatus "was" (or 'is' in historical present) a 'joke' played on Witters himself. The source seems to be Witters himself when he said that a whole book could be written which would 'consist of a succession of good jokes', implicating "and a punch line" and further implicating that the "Tractatus" could have been THAT book, since, after all, as a famous Irish lady once said, "Humour is essentially subjective" (she goes on to compare it with beauty in art, which this same lady thought to be 'in the eye of the beholder'). In a message dated 2/21/2014 10:46:47 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, rpaul@xxxxxxxx provides an interesting quote from Monk: Monk quotes Wittesr: "'Humour is not a mood but a way of looking at the world" ---- This is interesting and may equivocate on 'mood'. In "Aspects of Reason", Grice was using 'mood' a lot -- as in 'the indicative mood'. Moravcsik, who was attending the lectures (at Stanford) said to Grice: "You shouldn't say 'mood'; the correct spelling is 'mode'". From then on, Grice started to write, 'indicative mode'. ---- Similarly, it is easy to rephrase Witter's claim to read: Humour is not a mode. But possibly he DID mean 'mood'. "Mood" is Anglo-Saxon (and thus Germanic, like Witters); mode is Latin. When Shirley Bassey sings, "I'm in the mood for love" it would be otiose to think that she is in the indicative mode for loving. --- People are said to be 'moody', but not mody (but cfr. modest). --- Negation always implicates the contrary (cfr. Emma Watson, "I'm NOT in love -- and I have NOT got a current boy friend!"). Therefore, appying this to Witters, we get: Humour is a mood. I.e. Witters is 'playing' with the claim that someone ("or other" as Geary would add) once said (or even worse, WROTE) that humour was a mood. Now, the positive aspect comes later, as usual: "but a way of looking at the world". Note that the force of the statement (as per illocutionary force) is brought by the opposition. The statement, "Humour is a way of looking at the world" would not travel too far as a memorable quote: "Humour is NOT a mood; but a way of looking at the world" does. It has a Heideggerian resonance: 'being-in-the-world' and 'looking'. Monk goes on: "[he] wrote while he was in Rosro [Norway]" and this was possibly motivated by some chat at a Norwegian wood pub or other. There IS such a thing as Norwegian humour. Note that the specification felt important by Monk ("This was a Rosro thought by Witters") invites us to qualify the dictum to read: "Norwegian humour is not a mood; it's a Norwegian way of looking at the Norwegian world". ------ Any Norwegians on the list? ------ Monk goes on: 'So if it is correct to say that humour was stamped out in Nazi Germany, that does not mean that people were not in good spirits, or anything of that sort, but something much deeper and more important.'" ----- I would add "Austria", since after all Nazi Germany originated in Austria, no? (Witters's homeland). Monk stops quoting and provides an editorial: "To understand what that 'something' is it would perhaps be instructive to look at humour as something strange and incomprehensible." Or not, of course. Here I would refer to McEvoy's commentary, since 'good spirits' are brought in. "Spirit", like "mood", can be ambiguous. Literally, a spirit is a ghost (as in the holy ghost, as referred to by Adriano Palma in his contribution to this thread). Ghosts can be evil or other. When 'other', they are called 'a good spirit', and often pluralised ("There were three good spirits in the haunted mansion"). ----- Now, to BE in a good spirit is assumed by Witters (or Monk) to be more or less equivalent as to be 'in a humorous mood'. The idea that humour is a good, I claim, has to be traced to the Greek theory of the HUMOURS (vide Wikipedia, -- Galen Strawson should know about this). Monk writes that it is INSTRUCTIVE (his word) to regard humour as 'incomprehensible' (and 'strange' or odd, since strangers or foreigners do have a mood of humour -- the phrase 'sense of humour' is restrictive, since there are usually two senses -- or four at most -- the the right, to the left, up, and down). But surely a teacher should be reprimanded if, when lecturing, he would utter the phrase: "It is instructive to regard Sanskrit mythology as incomprehensible". The fact that the teacher does not comprehend should not IMPLICATE that nobody can! Or not. I'm sure Attalardo, the great Griceian humorist CAN (if Witters Kant). Cheers Speranza ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html