Sadly, we can no longer take for granted that our students understand the many cultural references (most obviously the Bible and Shakespeare) that generations of past students were expected to have at their fingertips. I had a student once who wrote, in a final exam, a sentence about Noa Zark. (I shudder to think how this story reflects on my teaching, of course.) Perhaps they learn too much of their language through their ears, and too little through their eyes. More proof: the legions who don't differentiate between 'past' and 'passed.' It's tempting as we get on in years, to imagine some distant 'golden age' when students were more prepared (and men were men and women were quiet?...). Perhaps a truer answer lies in who goes to college these days. If public policy encourages everyone to attend (keeps them out of the job market and off the streets, after all), perhaps the lowering of expectations and standards is inevitable but not really indicative of worse teaching or learning. Ursula North Bay Steven G. Cameron wrote: >we rely enormously on our cultural myths as instructional underpinnings: >Tanach, Edith Hamilton, Robin Hood, etc. > ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html