In a message dated 9/9/2014 12:46:28 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, palmaadriano@xxxxxxxxx writes: so what? Well, the entry in Liddell/Scott for Greek for 'think' ends: IV. of words, bear a certain sense, mean, “πυθοίμεθ᾽ ἂν τὸν χρησμὸν ὅ τι νοεῖ” Ar.Pl.55, cf. Nu.1186, Pl.Cra.407e; [εἰ] τοῦτο . . νοεῖ αὐτῷ if this means for him that . . , Id.R.335e; also “ἐπιδεῖξαι ἐθέλω τὸ νυνί μοι συμβεβηκὸς τί ποτε νοεῖ” Id.Ap.40a; τὸ νοούμενον the sense, meaning, Phld.Po.Herc.991.4, al.—Not in Th. or Oratt. -- i.e. the idea is that the noumenon is the _sense_ that Frege worshipped and Grice avoided ("do not multiply senses beyond necessity"). Perhaps the clearest statement is by Yost: "To speak of something without reference to empiricism ... is to claim direct knowledge of a noumen[on], which is type of faith or imaginative leap." ---- One may disagree. If 'noumenon' ultimately derives from THINK, we need a thinker. It's true that only empiricists claim that there's nothing in the intellect (in the thought) that was not before in the senses -- but most philosophers must postulate some connection between thinking processes and, shall we say, _sensing_ stuff. I'm not sure I buy the Greek idea that 'noumenon' is the _meaning_. For one, it's _utterers_ who mean, never or hardly ever words. A word only acquires meaning by its use within a population of speakers that share a form of life (as someone said). Oddly, Rodin's statue, The Thinker, is the great producer of noumena. Cheers, Speranza ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html