[Wittrs] Re: Dennett's paradigm shift.
- From: "gabuddabout" <gabuddabout@xxxxxxxxx>
- To: wittrsamr@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Wed, 17 Feb 2010 20:37:44 -0000
Stuart writes:
"As I delved more deeply into Searle's Chinese Room Argument, I realized why his
argument fails, i.e., it presumes irreducibility on the grounds that
consciousness looks irreducible to us when considered on its own terms."
Actually, the CRA is derived from the famous target article that I tried to get
Stuart to read six years ago. He refused to consider anything except the
argument from a vacuum.
So if Stuart wants to get at least adequately deep, he ought to consider the
real motivation of the CRA. Instead, he argues about what it presumes without
sufficiently acknowledging its motivation. Indeed, in the target article (BBS)
it is shown that computational functionalism's argument as to what may be
considered grounds (criterial ones at that) for x's (a machine's or human
being's) having semantics fails given a simple counterexample where it is shown
that a system may pass a TT (Turing test), and thus be an instance of what the
criteria calls for, while failing to be a case of semantics.
Stuart also writes:
"How can something having what Searle calls a First Person ontology be
explainable in a third person way?"
Searle's answer, negatively put first, is that it is nonnegotiable that the
brain causes consciousness. If someone claims that Searle writes anything
inconsistent with this claim, then the onus is on that person to make sure they
are getting Searle straight.
In the past Stuart argued that since Searle denies computational functionalism,
then Searle has a different view of consciousness (an entitative one that
implies a form of dualism).
Later, Stuart has argued that Searle's APA address, which claims that the
thesis of computational functionalism as a theory of semantics and/or conscious
is not even to be argued against because incoherent, is actually worse off than
the original CRA.
But it is to be remarked that it is not clear if Stuart ever really read this
article either.
The reason I make the above claim is that I have read both articles and there
just isn't any reason why a denial of computational functionalism has to amount
to a denial of a process based system (surely the brain for Searle) causing
consciousness.
That Stuart likes to make the connection is merely the result of conflating S/H
(software on hardware) systems with nonS/H systems. He's not the only guilty
party, though, since it has been ubiquitous in the literature that a proposed
computational level of description between the Intentional level and purely
physiological level (call it Dennett's and other's cognitive science paradigm
shift) takes place in systems that are otherwise nonS/H systems--the cognitive
science proposal is that this level can be investigated independently of the
brain.
The thesis that mind and semantics can be investigated without considering the
brain is the real Dennettian paradigm shift. Further, the level of computation
between the physiological and the Intentional is just abstract enough for it to
make prima facie sense even though the CRA shows the criterion of the TT to be
insufficient as a test.
Searle denies that computational functionalism makes much sense outside of the
miraculous ability we now have to computationally simulate anything we can
understand. But that doesn't mean that Searle is arguing against cognitive
science. Cognitive science is more that Dennettian strong AI.
I'll end with Justintruth's comment along with Stuart's reply:
Justintruth writes:
"So basically you are saying that consciousness is physical in one
sense...that it is caused by the brain... and not physical in another
sense..."of it not being about describing the physical phenomena but, rather,
the ... experiential phenomena of subjects."
Stuart responds:
"Yes."
Cheers,
Budd (Ps. It was Kant who thought to ask how experience is possible. And it
was Plato much earlier who asserted that every event must have a cause. Later
thinkers were okay with reconciling the idea that all events are caused with
the human power of being a part of the causal powers that objectively be. I
bet some such story is true but realize many have the power not to insist upon
it.)
--- In WittrsAMR@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "SWM" <wittrsamr@...> wrote:
>
> --- In Wittrs@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, Justintruth <wittrsamr@> wrote:
>
> > Here is why I think it is so "hard to grasp" - as you say: You have
> > written:
> >
> > "...if subjectness can be caused by physics then awareness is physical
> > in THAT critical sense."
>
> > You have also written:
>
> > "...Of course it's to be non-physical in the sense of it not being
> > about describing the physical phenomena but, rather, the ...
> > experiential phenomena of subjects..."
>
> > So basically you are saying that consciousness is physical in one
> > sense...that it is caused by the brain... and not physical in another
> > sense..."of it not being about describing the physical phenomena but,
> > rather, the ... experiential phenomena of subjects"
> >
>
> Yes.
>
>
> > Three things would make the debate clearer:
> >
> > First: Whenever you say that consciousness is physical, or something
> > like that, say something like "physical only in the sense that it is
> > caused by something material, not in the sense that it is not about
> > describing the experiential phenomena of subjects which is in a sense
> > non-physical."
> >
>
> I have always tried to do that, sometimes writing extensive caveats in order
> to make the point (and often repeating myself so that some readers get
> frustrated with my apparent didacticism in constantly reiterating the whole
> long explanation -- which is why at this stage in the multi-list debate I do
> tend to just assume my interlocutors are familiar with what I've said before
> -- though naturally that won't apply to new "auditors" of the debate).
>
> I have certainly never suggested that consciousness is entity-like the way a
> physical thing or object is. Indeed, denying THAT picture is the crux of my
> claim here.
>
> But you have accurately zeroed in on the distinction I have been making and
> you did it by citing my own words which ought to indicate that I HAVE been
> doing what you urge me to do, i.e., making that distinction. But it does
> appear as if there are some who simply won't acknowledge it and persist in
> confusing a claim of physical causation with a claim of physical thinghood.
>
>
>
> > (Personally I do not like using the term phenomena when dealing with
> > consciousness but I can use it loosely here.)
> >
>
> I'm using it loosely, too, and not in the technical sense one might use when
> arguing for phenomenalism, say.
>
>
> > Second: Stop calling the idea that the brain causes consciousness a
> > new idea, or Dennett's new paradigm shift, etc, as the idea that the
> > brain materially causes consciousness has been around a very long time
> > and predates Dennett for a very long time. No one yet has a precise
> > description of the mechanism and new ideas for it are all over the
> > place - that is true. When you say it is a new idea then one naturally
> > begins to search for something beyond the fact that the physical brain
> > causes consciousness and the confusion is re-initiated.
>
>
> What is new here is not a claim that the brain causes the mind but how
> Dennett explains its occurrence. Nor is it entirely new with Dennett, either,
> as we have seen. In fact, I came to it quite independently of Dennett, after
> reading and considering Searle's arguments against this view (though Dennett
> seems to have reached the conclusion before me and wrote it up in a way that
> is far more comprehensive and clearer than I could have done).
>
> As I delved more deeply into Searle's Chinese Room Argument, I realized why
> his argument fails, i.e., it presumes irreducibility on the grounds that
> consciousness looks irreducible to us when considered on its own terms. How
> can something having what Searle calls a First Person ontology be explainable
> in a third person way?
>
> In fact, though, even Searle acknowledges that brains "cause" consciousness
> so there is a fundamental confusion deep within his argument. And that
> confusion rests on an implicit dualism which presumes that consciousness
> cannot be reduced to non-conscious constituents. But the only reason that
> would be true is if consciousness is inconceivable as a process-based system.
> But Dennett shows how it can be -- and that is his contribution in this area.
>
>
>
> > In fact, you
> > have clarified for me that that is not Dennet's position either, and I
> > confess that when I hear him I was very confused because in places he
> > seemed to be asserting that consciousness did in fact exist and in
> > others that *only* the physical processes instead of the "experiential
> > phenomena of subjects" were existing. Often words like "one is fooled
> > into believing" etc are used to eliminate the clear case that
> > consciousness exists in fact. It is a fact that can be lost or gained
> > and that is amply demonstrated by anesthesia which has been arround
> > since before my birth.
> >
>
> Dennett argues that what consciousness is is not what it appears to be to us,
> but he does not argue that we don't have the features we associate with being
> conscious (awareness, senses of being a self, understanding, intentionality,
> etc.). So on his view consciousness is real -- to us because we experience --
> but it's not a real bottom-line entity that co-exists with the physical.
> Rather it's an outcome of certain physical events.
>
>
> > Third: Abandon the wheel moving analogy as it is misleading. The
> > motion of a wheel is a physical description of the relation over time
> > between the object and some reference. It is confusing because it can
> > be interpreted to mean that consciousness means some kind of such
> > relationship save it being more complex. Rather consciousness refers,
> > as you have said to the ... "experiential phenomena of subjects" which
> > is, as you have characterized it "non-physical" in the sense that it
> > is distinct form the mere physical phenomena of which the wheel's
> > turning is one.
> >
>
> I see your point. It can be misleading. But note that I only introduced it
> (and now I'm reaching back into the history of these discussions) for Bruce
> who could not see how we could refer to something in some physical way if it
> were not entity-like. I made the point that we refer to and name all sorts of
> things, from institutions to electromagnetism to gravity to various
> observable processes, all the time which we believe are part of the physical
> universe and yet which are not entity-like the way rocks and trees and rubber
> balls are.
>
> I am not suggesting, via this analogy, that consciousness is just a physical
> process (say the flashing signals occurring in various patterns in the brain)
> the way a wheel's turning is. Of course there is subjective experience. That
> is the point of the two-sided coin analogy (also imperfect, like the wheel
> and its turning, but to the particular point). In this case the relevant
> brain processes (certain brain events) are the coin. The physical
> manifestations we observe being one side, the subjectness of experience being
> the other. but no, you can't flip this coin the way you can one from the U.S.
> mint. The analogy has its limitations and is only presented to demonstrate a
> particular point, in this case, how one can accept a claim that there is a
> kind of identity between brain (or certain aspects of it) and mind, without
> buying into the paradoxes that would attend if the identity claim were one of
> logical identity (a thing is the same as itself).
>
> Here, I think, Sean makes a good point when he indicates that language with
> its wide range of uses is not, strictly speaking, fully accountable within a
> syllogistic straight jacket.
>
>
> > I would abandon the wheel analogy even though it aptly points out that
> > not all physical facts are physical objects but rather some are a
> > function of the configuration of the objects as Witt. so aptly
> > describes. Unfortunately, consciousness is not just a function of the
> > configuration of the objects but is the "experiential phenomena of
> > subjects" and so the danger of the analogy falsing causing someone to
> > believe that you think that "the experienctial phenomena of subjects"
> > and the "configuration of physcial objects" in the sense that Witt
> > wrote, are identical.
> > =========================================
> > Need Something? Check here: http://ludwig.squarespace.com/wittrslinks/
> >
>
>
> I see your point. Of course, I use the analogy as you explain above. It is
> not a claim that consciousness is just so many physical events because there
> is a side of the coin that is outside of the usual observable domain of what
> we generally recognize as phyical events. This points up the weakness of
> language in this domain. Being public in its genesis, it is not highly suited
> for making references to non-public phenomena. And yet we persist in doing
> it. The alternative would be to pass over this in silence as some
> Wittgensteinians might want to say is the better approach in keeping with the
> early Wittgenstein.
>
> In fact, I don't see any reason to believe the later Wittgenstein would have
> agreed, first because he was not anti-science even if he was anti-scientism
> and science needs to be able to talk in affirmative terms about this
> phenomenon we call consciousness, and second because Wittgenstein himself
> often alluded to mental events including having pictures in our heads,
> thoughts, etc. He could not have done that if he were a pure behaviorist (as
> some on this list have asserted) or even a proto-behaviorist nor if his view
> was just to go silent in the face of such questions.
>
> Anyway, thanks for pointing out some areas where I could be clearer or where,
> perhaps, others reading my comments may not be getting what I am trying to
> convey.
>
> SWM
>
> =========================================
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>
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