Lawrence Helm wrote: "I've been thinking about Phil's theory that those who advance the Moral Equivalence argument have logical assumptions for it and are only inhibited from presenting them by not being clever enough writers." This is not even close to what I wrote. I don't know what a 'logical assumption' is, but I suggested that people enter these conversations with differing assumptions, and that the differences can't be settled through logic. (I suspect Lawrence is using the word 'logic' in a much broader and looser manner than I am, but I don't want to get into that.) I also pointed out that the problem has nothing to do with being clever, or being a clever writer. Some of the people I disagree with on this list are terribly good writers and I am in awe at their use of language. The point I wanted to make was that certain assumptions rule out the possibility of making moral judgments. If I assume that one's upbringing causes a person to act in a particular manner, I cannot hold that person morally responsible for acting in that manner. To be morally responsible for one's actions necessarily entails that one can act otherwise. If one's upbringing causes one to act in particular ways, then one cannot have acted otherwise. Therefore, there is no possibility of making moral judgments. To be clear, it isn't that one is not clever enough to articulate a moral judgment, but rather that there are no grounds for such a judgment. Sincerely, Phil Enns Glen Haven, NS ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html