Mike: >But then cultures do change, don't they? How does that happen if we are nothing more >than our culture? How does an individual ever begin to stand outside her culture >and act contrary to it, even subversive to it if we are nothing more than our >culture...Cultures, of course, are never monolithic. They are invariably composed of >disparate peoples with disparate needs thrown together through historical events. But, >given time, out of that disparateness comes a way of living together which I would call >a culture. I think you've just answered the |acting contrary to culture| question. Cultures are altered at a macrotic level by profoundly significant, yet generally localised phenomena. These may take the form of a natural disaster -- we can't deny the impact of The Flood -- or, more commonly in the post-civilisation world, through the influence of other cultures -- the Jews could not have become the long-suffering Chosen People if they had not encountered the Babylonians. Lastly, microtic change occurs in a formal democracy via legislation. This, however, does not really change the culture viscerally. We may not be permitted to kick a person from a (sub)culture we find repulsive, but that doesn't stop us from doing so, whether actually or metaphorically. Check this out: http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/23/ I think you'd enjoy both lecture & book. Also, Doris Lessing's Prisons We Choose to Live Inside. Eric: >By stating that _Genius_ was kabbalistic, I merely intended to state >that Bloom arranges his discussion of the various genii in groups >that correspond to the Zohar. Nonetheless, Bloom was significantly influenced by Kabbalah, Gnosticism, and the notion of secular religion. Perhaps I should have said (small-'G') god-centric. I suspect Bloom elevated Freud to such a paramessianic status because psychoanalysis relies so heavily upon an intellectually palatable mythology of its own. >The opposing view is Freud's, who stated that a neurosis is a private >religion. It's interesting that many of us note the power of belief >(in placebos, politics, cures, catharsis, redemption, whatever) while >at the same time denying the content of those beliefs. >Yet is there such a thing as "belief" without the content of the >belief? Sure there is. In fact, belief usually denies, or at best is patently unfamiliar with, the very content upon which it is based. Most if not all of us are what we are, believe what we believe because someone else told us so. It provides purpose. It whispers sweetly in our ears, congratulating us on our possession of some great secret. But, when the secret teachings don't jibe with our cultural mores they are altered, ignored, or explained away. In the end we resort to worshiping ourselves as created by our culture. The Judeo-Christian God is a petty, vindictive, nasty piece of work. Somehow, though, He has been recreated in the image of the beneficent Father. However, He'll still send you to Hell for masturbating, eating lobster, or simply denying His existence, not that Hell is biblical -- not that the Bible is biblical. wishing your name was Elwy, d. -- Be Yourself @ mail.com! Choose From 200+ Email Addresses Get a Free Account at www.mail.com