His own research focused on phonology and grammar, expanding the model into
metafunctions, axis and delicacy. This helps explain why phonology becomes an
inner language level by 2004, rather than an ‘interlevel’. Both grammar and
phonology are fleshed out as metafunctional, axial systems.
In contrast, semantics remains as ‘interlevel’, lacking the axial relations of
LG and PH systems. Instead, its organisation is realised only interstratally by
lexicogrammatical systems. Its descriptions derive from grammatical research,
including H&M 1999, and RH’s ‘message semantics’.
As an ‘interlevel’ semantics ‘interfaces’ with the tenor, field and mode of
contexts. As context is ‘extra-textual’, tenor, field and mode are not
organised systemically, but are described instead as notes on ‘settings’, in
various publications from the 1970s on.
David
From: sys-func-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx <sys-func-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> on behalf
of David Rose <dmarc-noreply@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Wednesday, 15 June 2022 at 11:20 am
To: sys-func@xxxxxxxxxxxxx <sys-func@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: [sys-func] Re: Scale & Category Grammar (Halliday 1961)
Can I also admire how neatly his 1961 model synthesises his three major 20C
influences...
1. Firth’s ‘linguistic levels’ – phonetics, phonology, grammar, lexis,
semantics, context
2. Hjelmslev’s form and substance
- expression form -> phonetics
- expression substance -> phonology
- content form -> lexicogrammar
- content substance -> semantics
3. Malinowski’s contexts of ‘situation’ and ‘culture’.
These are precisely the categories arranged as strata in CMIMM’s 2004 diagram
in IFG below.
It’s a neat hypothesis that points both back to prior authorities, and forward
to empirical research (which we’ve all been doing ever since).
David
From: sys-func-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx <sys-func-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> on behalf
of David Rose <dmarc-noreply@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Date: Tuesday, 14 June 2022 at 9:58 am
To: sys-func@xxxxxxxxxxxxx <sys-func@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: [sys-func] Re: Scale & Category Grammar (Halliday 1961)
Thanks Chris
It’s illuminating to follow the path of his model. He does in fact explain why
he avoided ‘semantics’ in 1961...
‘Context* is an interlevel, since it relates language to something that is not
language; it is an interlevel because it is not with the nonlanguage activity
itself that linguistics is concerned but with the relation of this to language
form.’
‘*The reason why "context" is preferred to "semantics" as the name of this
interlevel is that "semantics” is too closely tied to one particular method of
statement, the conceptual method… The linguistic statement of context attempts
to relate language form to (abstractions from) other (i.e. extratextual)
observables.’
[1961 Categories of the Theory of Grammar]
Despite the empirical developments you mention, in metafunctions and axis, his
stratal model remained essentially identical for the next 40 years... 1961
‘situation’ becomes ‘context’ and 1961 ‘context’ becomes ‘semantics’...
semantics remains an ‘interlevel’ between lexicogrammar and ‘extra-textual’
context.
The symmetry of the model was appealing and persuasive, with (lexico)grammar at
the centre. In 1961, phonology was also an ‘interlevel’ with phonetics. By
2004, phonetics becomes the ‘interlevel’, to maintain the symmetry...
[cid:image001.png@01D87FD2.8F255D80]
[2004 On Grammar as the Driving Force from Primary to Higher-Order
Consciousness]
This is the same model drawn by CMIMM in IFG3/4, as co-tangential circles.
[cid:image002.png@01D87FD3.2853D7C0]
As ‘context’ is modelled as an asemiotic ‘extra-textual’, ‘eco-social
environment’, this model is incommensurable with semiotic models such as JRM’s
1992 description of register and genre as connotative semiotics.
David
From: sys-func-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx <sys-func-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> on behalf
of Dr ChRIS CLÉiRIGh <c.cleirigh@xxxxxxxxx>
Date: Monday, 13 June 2022 at 9:33 am
To: sys-func@xxxxxxxxxxxxx <sys-func@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: [sys-func] Scale & Category Grammar (Halliday 1961)
Dear Colleagues,
The following might be useful to anyone who is unaware of the extent to which
Halliday's first theory, Scale & Category Grammar (1961),
is different from the theory that replaced it, Systemic Functional Grammar. Its
stratal organisation is given by Halliday (2002 [1961]: 39) as:
[cid:ii_l3zlmhrw0]
It can be seen that Scale & Category Grammar has no semantic level,
and in fact, the words 'semantic' and 'semantics' do not feature at all in this
paper.
'Context' is defined as 'an interlevel relating form to extratextual features'
(ibid.).
The theory does not include system networks, nor metafunctions,
and the elements of clause structure are simply Subject, Predicator, Complement
and Adjunct.
The theory also does not distinguish realisation from instantiation,
the word 'exponence' being used to cover both of the later concepts.
--
chEers,
dr chris cléirigh
We have now sunk to a depth
at which restatement of the obvious
is the first duty of intelligent men.
— George Orwell
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