Donal writes: "we can explain everything without recourse to 'design'[a fact that does not itself disprove the existence of design]." Calling mutations "blind" rather than "random" makes a lot of sense to me, and I appreciate Donal taking the time to highlight the difference between the two terms. "Random' summons up images of Miltonic Chaos, whereas "blind" implies there that is no active outside agency shaping life within the constraints of biology. IMHO, when we view the world as an artifact, a created product, we establish a type of alienation between our minds and the rest of life. We are implying that our minds and hearts come from elsewhere, from where the Creator is, and that we are trapped in an ill-fitting protoplasm suit until we return to that Creator. How lonely and off-putting! How pompous to assume that all the "spiritual" trivia of our egos deserves eternity! How easily that view gives us license to kill other forms of life, throw mountains around, fill streams with dioxin, and treat the place where we grow as a kind of dirty bus station en route to the Creator's Grand Hotel. Eric ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html