G/S, "In Defense of a dogma", contra Quine: "[The denial of this] involves saying, for example, that anyone who SERIOUSLY remarks that "bachelor" means the same as "unmarried man" but that "creature with kidneys" does not mean the same as "creature with a heart" -- supposing the last two expressions to be coextensional -- EITHER is not in fact drawing attention to any distinction at all between the relations between the members of each pair of expressions OR is making a philosophical MISTAKE about the nature of the distinction between them. In any case, what he says, taken as he intends it to be taken, is senseless or absurd." ---- repr. in Grice, "Studies in the Way of Words". So, as per Grice, 1956, it's "unmarried man", not male. Cheers, Speranza ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html