In ex2, it depends on what you take the scope of the det to be (the ‘the’ in the woman in paris) In ex1 I fail to understand what Williams’ sex dos to the claim you made. In general Gettier examples are statable without any use of those, e.g. as in x knows that p, if p- q or p, q & not p. hence x both knows p and cannot know that p, since he’d know p & not p. reminder K is under closure by connectives. From: lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Omar Kusturica Sent: 13 March 2015 11:24 To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [lit-ideas] Some Gettier examples Example 1 Smith, Jones and Williams are having a job interview. Smith has been assured by the interviewer that Jones will get the job. On the basis of this, Smith has formed a justified belief in the proposition that he will get the job. It turns out that the job has gone to Williams instead. "Unbeknownst to Smith," Williams too is male. Example 2 Smith met Celia and saw that she had a new hair colour, red. The next day he called her on the mobile and she told him that she is in Paris. On the basis of this, Smith formed a justified belief that the woman who is in Paris has red hair. In fact, Celia lied to him and she wasn't in Paris at all. However, "unbeknownst to Smith" Genevieve, who lives in Paris, has red hair. **************************** Are these really examples of "justified true belief that is not knowledge", or perhaps there is something fishy about the way the propositions 'he will get the job' and 'the woman who is in Paris has red hair' are formulated ? O.K.