Allen D It may be that I just don't understand your descriptions -- heaven knows I am not alone and you do little to ameliorate this -- but I'm going to proceed on the basis that I do understand what you are saying. I'm not going to address your objections point by point -- that is a quagmire that I for one have been bogged down in more than once. I'm going to be charitable and assume that you still do not grasp what I'm saying about accelerometers. An accelerometer is a mass suspended in some manner, such as by a spring, in a vehicle which is to be accelerated. Now if we were to hang this device from a stationary beam in a 1 'g' gravity field, and it has a mass of 1 kg, then the spring will be extended, coming to a halt when the spring exerts an upward force of 1 kg. If the accelerometer is properly calibrated, it will read 1 kg. If you repeat the experiment on the Moon, it will read -- roughly -- 0.166 kg. If we take the accelerometer and mount it in a space vehicle in free fall, it will read 0 kg. If we initiate a rocket burn, and the accelerometer reads -- while the motor is firing -- 1 kg, then we can state that our acceleration is equal to what we would feel standing on the Earth -- an acceleration of one 'g'. Thus the extension of the spring is an exact analogue for the amount of acceleration being experienced. It relies for its operation on Newton's first law of motion and Hooke's law of elasticity. There is another way we could utilise the accelerometer to determine our acceleration in a space vehicle. Let us assume again that we are in space in free fall and we are about to initiate a rocket burn. This time, instead of gluing our eyes to the accelerometer, we detach the 1 kg mass and place it outside the vehicle in free fall with velocities matched. We initiate our rocket burn, and with some radar or laser device we continuously measure the distance to the 1 kg mass. If we integrate the readings over time, we can calculate our acceleration. Now for the crunch, the bit where our velocity changes due to acceleration by gravity. (Note - from a recent post from Regner, perhaps 'speed' is more appropriate here -- please comment if you think it appropriate. In any event, what I'm trying to convey is that our rate of travel increases). This time, we place our vehicle into elliptical orbit -- around Earth will suffice -- and as we pass apogee, we begin to accelerate. At this moment we place our accelerometer 1 kg mass outside the vehicle with velocities matched and engage our distance and time measuring devices. After we have passed perigee we will have stopped accelerating and begin decelerating. At no time from apogee to perigee will the 1 kg mass have fallen behind or overtaken us and this will not change from perigee back to apogee and so on for ever and ever amen. Despite acceleration and deceleration due to gravity in an elliptical orbit, our accelerometer will indicate no change in velocity. Paul D Get the name you always wanted with the new y7mail email address. www.yahoo7.com.au/y7mail