There never was an ‘intuitive design’ for a complex system that sprang fully formed from the brow of the developers. It takes user and task analysis, iterative design and usability testing. But some of your people are innocent souls who believe that it can be had for free, just by having good intentions, because they have a magic wand that makes things 'intuitive'. I wonder if these people would buy a new car that didn't need to have any testing because it was 'designed to be safe'. You might find these two books useful: Cost-justifying Usability: An Update for an Internet Age Randolph G Bias, Deborah J. Mayhew Morgan Kaufman, 2005 - 660 pages User and Task Analysis for Interface Design JoAnn T. Hackos, Janice C. Redish Wiley, 1998 - 512 pages The first might help with your management. But then again it might not :^/ The second will help _you _when management eventually notices that hitting the product with a stick that has the word 'intuitive' scratched on it mysteriously fails to reduce support calls. Good luck! --- Stuart ----- Original Message ----- Thanks for your thoughtful replies. I’m faced with an organization that wants to justify everything & because they haven’t invested in great Help, they believe they don’t need it. I found some great ROI information on the UK Cherryleaf site. Someone had done a study showing how many less support calls you get if your Help really helps! http://www.cherryleaf.com/consultancy-services-in-user-assistance-and-documentation/support-call-cost-reduction-calculator/ [1] But management wants more! Yes, they consider the manuals as ‘extras’ and some of the most foolish have bought into the notion that no matter how complex the software, there is an ‘intuitive design’ that will make the user have a ‘Eureka’ moment… J Which isn’t true for complex systems… Links: ------ [1] http://www.cherryleaf.com/consultancy-services-in-user-assistance-and-documentation/support-call-cost-reduction-calculator/