Hi Bob and Ken, thanks for your replies. So clearly this effect is predominately related to the grain size. If the grains were sufficiently small (or even non existent), then I assume this effect would not be seen at all. I know it probably seemed that my question had an obvious answer, but I somehow got the impression from an APUGian's answer that the effect wasn't related to the grain. So does anyone have some hard numbers ? e.g. if I use a fine grained film such as PanF with a low accutance developer, what size enlargement (when viewed from a 'typical' set distance) would I begin to see differences in the tonal smoothness between the 35mm neg print and say a 4x5 neg print. (note I see this question as being different to the common question: "at what size enlargement could I begin to see the grain in the 35mm neg's print when viewed from a 'typical' set distance") regards Peter