Hi Barrie Not all piston heads are hollow, the LNER preferred a one piece forged head and rod. Priming is the carry over of water into the cylinders. It is caused when there is a high water level in the boiler. Water is drawn over into the regulator, making it hard to shut, along the main steam pipe and superheaters into the cylinders. The symptoms can be detected by a muffled exhaust sound, or signs of water at the chimney top. It is dangerous because it can cause the cylinder covers to blow out due to the hydraulic pressure and the possibility of connecting rods getting bent, hence the existence of pressure relief valves on the front and rear cylinder covers, not to be confused with the cylinder drain cocks. The effect of the hot water in the cylinders and steam chest will also act like a steam cleaner and remove all lubrication from the surface of the bore. The effects and symptoms are the same in both full size and model size! If you have a boiler that primes badly it may be time for a descale. Andy ----- Original Message ----- From: "BarriePurslow" <Barrie@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> To: <modeleng@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> Sent: Friday, March 04, 2005 7:21 PM Subject: [modeleng] Re: Tall Tales? Roger, These tales have been distorted somewhere along the line! The first one refers to "Princess Elizabeth" which had a core plug come unscrewed in one of its pistons in an inside cylinder. (The pistons are hollow). This took up the clearance between the piston and cylinder end cover causing very serious damage to the piston, cylinder, slidebars and motion work. The loco was retreived by Ian Riley's men, one of whom is a mate of mine and gave me this info. The second one refers to "Blue Peter" which was departing Durham with a very high water level in the boiler. The driver was rather over enthuiastic, the loco primed very badly, lost its feet and slipped so much that it destroyed many pieces of motion work. This is from my mate referred to above who has seen a video of the incident in which pieces of motion work can be seen being thrown in the air! It is now part of a training video for aspiring mainline steam crew. Apparently when a large locomotive primes badly the solid water passing through the regulator valve makes it impossible to close the regulator, the water then flashes into steam in the superheaters which were very hot as the loco had been standing in Durham station for a while. The vast volumes of steam produced then do the damage referred to. Barrie Purslow Warrington UK -- Internal Virus Database is out-of-date. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.298 / Virus Database: 266.5.0 - Release Date: 2/25/05 MODEL ENGINEERING DISCUSSION LIST. To UNSUBSCRIBE from this list, send a blank email to, modeleng-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the word "unsubscribe" in the subject line. MODEL ENGINEERING DISCUSSION LIST. To UNSUBSCRIBE from this list, send a blank email to, modeleng-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the word "unsubscribe" in the subject line.