Pondering the conversation about what goes on before we speak, I note that two possibilities are in play. 1. Classical--We possess ideas of which we are partly or wholly unaware until they are spoken. Cf. Plato, Leibniz (rebutting Locke), Chomsky, Freud. 2. Modern--Ideas only emerge as we speak them. What goes on inside us is a confluence of pre-linguistic processes that crystallize at the moment we speak. Cf. Vico, Minsky,Klein a good deal of current research in such fields as psychology and political science that indicates that processes conventionally described as "emotional" proceed those described as "rational," which turn out, more often than not, to be after the fact rationalizations of decisions already made. John -- John McCreery The Word Works, Ltd., Yokohama, JAPAN Tel. +81-45-314-9324 http://www.wordworks.jp/ ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html