From: Bernard Brauer <bbrauer777@xxxxxxxxx>
Reply-To: geocentrism@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
To: geocentrism@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [geocentrism] Geostationary Satellites Date: Sat, 3 Mar 2007
16:19:13 -0800 (PST)
http://www.reformation.org/geostationary-satellites.html by Niall Kilkenny
( go to link if diagrams do not show )
Geostationary Satellites
---------------------------------
There are two kinds of man-made satellites in the heavens above: One
kind of satellite ORBITS the earth once or twice a day and the other kind
is called a communications satellite and it is PARKED in a STATIONARY
position 22,300 miles (35,900 km) above the equator of the STATIONARY
Earth.
A type of the orbiting satellite includes the space shuttle and the
international space station which keep a low earth orbit (LEO) to avoid the
deadly Van Allen radiation belts.
The most prominent satellites in medium earth orbit (MEO) are the
satellites which comprise the GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM or GPS as it is
called.
The Global Positioning System
The global positioning system was developed by the U.S. military and
then opened to civilian use. It is used today to track planes, ships,
trains, cars or literally anything that moves. Anyone can buy a receiver
and track their exact location by using a GPS receiver.
GPS satellites orbit at a height of about 12.000 miles (19.300 km) and
orbit the earth once every 12 hours.
About 24 GPS satellites orbit the earth every 12 hours.
These satellites are traveling around the earth at speeds of about 7.000
mph (11.200 kph). GPS satellites are powered by solar energy. They have
backup batteries onboard to keep them running in the event of a solar
eclipse, when there's no solar power. Small rocket boosters on each
satellite keep them flying in the correct path. The satellites have a
lifetime of about 10 years until all their fuel runs out.
Geostationary Satellites
Geostationary or communications satellites are PARKED in space 22.300
miles (35.900. km) above the equator of the STATIONARY earth. Geostationary
satellites are used for weather forecasting, satellite TV, satellite radio
and most other types of global communications.
Communications satellite in a stationary position or slot high above the
earth.
Satellite dish or receiver installed on a house. These dishes point to a
geostationary satellite.
At exactly 22.300 miles above the equator, the force of gravity is
cancelled by the centrifugal force of the rotating universe. This is the
ideal spot to park a stationary satellite.
At exactly 22.000 miles (35.900. km) above the equator, the earth's
force of gravity is canceled by the centrifugal force of the rotating
universe. This is the ideal location to park a stationary satellite. The
signal to the satellite is very, very precise and any movement of the
satellite would cause a loss of the signal.
Sun outages affect a geostationary satellite
Geostationary satellites are fantastic means of communication except for
one little problem called SUN OUTAGES. These sun outages happen during
March and September when the sun passes the equator. Here is a quote from
the book Satellite Technology:
"The elevated temperature of the sun causes it to transmit a
high-level electrical noise signal to receiving systems whenever it passes
behind the satellite and comes within the beams of the receiver antennas.
The increase in noise is so severe that a signal outage usually results.
The length and number of the outages depends on the latitude of the earth
station and the diameter of the antenna. At an average latitude of 40° in
the continental United States, and a 10-meter antenna, the outages occur
over 6 days with a maximum duration of 8 minutes each day. With a less
directional 3-meter antenna, the outages occur over 15 days, with a maximum
duration of 24 minutes."(Satellite Technology, p. 13).
This is obviously very embarrassing to the heliocentric people because
the sun is not supposed to move. The sun does move however and twice a year
it is over the equator.
The sun moves across the equator twice a year giving us the vernal
(spring) and fall (autumnal) equinoxes.
2 times each year the sun passes the equator as it makes it
north-south spiral.
On that time, the sun lies on the celestial equator. The word equinox
refers to the fact that, on this day, the night is equal to the day: each
is twelve hours long. The sun is directly above the equator, so its rays
fall vertically down.
Unfortunately the stationary satellites eclipses the sun and that causes
electrical noise or interference to the broadcasting signals.
The Jesuits forgot to change the dictionary!!
Obviously the Jesuits forget to change the definition of the word
EQUINOX in the English dictionary because it still gives the true
scientific definition of the word with the sun MOVING across the equator 2
times each year:
"Either of the two times during a year when the sun crosses the
celestial equator and when the length of day and night are approximately
equal; the vernal equinox or the autumnal equinox."(Webster's Third New
International Dictionary).
PanAmSat's Description of sun outages!!
Description
PanAmSat's commercial communications satellites are geostationary, and
therefore have orbits that lie near the equatorial plane. During the spring
and fall equinoxes, the sun also passes close to this plane. As seen from
the ground, the sun seems to pass behind the satellites once per day.
During the time when both the satellite and the sun are in the ground
station's field of view, the RF noise energy from the sun can overpower the
signal from the satellite. It is this loss or degradation of communications
traffic from the satellite that is referred to as sun fade, sun transit or
sun outage (see diagram).
The duration of the sun outage depends on several things such as: the
beam width or field of view of the receiving ground antenna, the apparent
radius of the sun as seen from the Earth (about 0.25°), the RF energy given
off by the sun, the transmitter power of the satellite, the gain and S/N
performance of the ground station receive equipment, along with other
factors. All this can affect whether a ground station will experience a
complete loss of signal or only a tolerable degradation in signal quality.
The exact point at which sun outage begins and ends is difficult to
determine since it is a gradual transition. The gain of an antenna falls
off sharply outside the 3dB beam width, but it does not immediately go to
zero. Therefore, if the sun is just outside the antenna's beam width, it
can still contribute noise and degrade system performance. This makes it
difficult to define exactly what conditions constitute a sun outage.
How the program works
To aid with sun outage predictions, a parameter called outage angle is
defined for the ground station. Outage angle is defined as the maximum
separation angle (measured from the ground station antenna) between the
satellite and the sun's center, that results in a sun outage. In other
words, if the separation between the satellite and sun is less than the
specified outage angle, then the station is said to be experiencing a sun
outage. Otherwise, the station is not experiencing a sun outage (see
diagram).
Stationary satellites need very small motors to keep them in their
assigned slot!!
According to the heliocentric theory, the earth is moving at about 1.000
mph at the equator. If the geostationary satellites were moving they would
have to move at a speed of about 7.000 mph to maintain a stationary orbit
above a fixed point on the earth. That is about the same speed as the GPS
satellites orbit the earth twice a day. However, GPS satellites are
equipped with a rocket engine to maintain their orbit.
Geostationary satellite diagram.
Click on image to enlarge.
Image of a GPS satellite. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep
it flying in the correct path. The satellites have a lifetime of about 10
years until all their fuel runs out.
---------------------------------
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