[geocentrism] Geostationary Satellites

  • From: Bernard Brauer <bbrauer777@xxxxxxxxx>
  • To: geocentrism@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
  • Date: Sat, 3 Mar 2007 16:19:13 -0800 (PST)

http://www.reformation.org/geostationary-satellites.html by Niall Kilkenny
  ( go to link if diagrams do not show )
   
   
              Geostationary Satellites 
   

    

  
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    There are two kinds of man-made satellites in the heavens above: One kind 
of satellite ORBITS the earth once or twice a day and the other kind is called 
a communications satellite and it is PARKED in a STATIONARY position 22,300 
miles (35,900 km) above the equator of the STATIONARY Earth. 
  A type of the orbiting satellite includes the space shuttle and the 
international space station which keep a low earth orbit (LEO) to avoid the 
deadly Van Allen radiation belts.
  The most prominent satellites in medium earth orbit (MEO) are the satellites 
which comprise the GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM or GPS as it is called. 
  The Global Positioning System 
  The global positioning system was developed by the U.S. military and then 
opened to civilian use. It is used today to track planes, ships, trains, cars 
or literally anything that moves. Anyone can buy a receiver and track their 
exact location by using a GPS receiver. 
            
  GPS satellites orbit at a height of about 12.000 miles (19.300 km) and orbit 
the earth once every 12 hours. 
         
  About 24 GPS satellites orbit the earth every 12 hours. 


  These satellites are traveling around the earth at speeds of about 7.000 mph 
(11.200 kph). GPS satellites are powered by solar energy. They have backup 
batteries onboard to keep them running in the event of a solar eclipse, when 
there's no solar power. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep them 
flying in the correct path. The satellites have a lifetime of about 10 years 
until all their fuel runs out. 
  Geostationary Satellites
  Geostationary or communications satellites are PARKED in space 22.300 miles 
(35.900. km) above the equator of the STATIONARY earth. Geostationary 
satellites are used for weather forecasting, satellite TV, satellite radio and 
most other types of global communications. 
            
  Communications satellite in a stationary position or slot high above the 
earth. 
         
  Satellite dish or receiver installed on a house. These dishes point to a 
geostationary satellite. 


  At exactly 22.300 miles above the equator, the force of gravity is cancelled 
by the centrifugal force of the rotating universe. This is the ideal spot to 
park a stationary satellite. 
            
         
  At exactly 22.000 miles (35.900. km) above the equator, the earth's force of 
gravity is canceled by the centrifugal force of the rotating universe. This is 
the ideal location to park a stationary satellite. The signal to the satellite 
is very, very precise and any movement of the satellite would cause a loss of 
the signal. 


  Sun outages affect a geostationary satellite
  Geostationary satellites are fantastic means of communication except for one 
little problem called SUN OUTAGES. These sun outages happen during March and 
September when the sun passes the equator. Here is a quote from the book 
Satellite Technology:
    "The elevated temperature of the sun causes it to transmit a high-level 
electrical noise signal to receiving systems whenever it passes behind the 
satellite and comes within the beams of the receiver antennas. The increase in 
noise is so severe that a signal outage usually results. The length and number 
of the outages depends on the latitude of the earth station and the diameter of 
the antenna. At an average latitude of 40° in the continental United States, 
and a 10-meter antenna, the outages occur over 6 days with a maximum duration 
of 8 minutes each day. With a less directional 3-meter antenna, the outages 
occur over 15 days, with a maximum duration of 24 minutes."(Satellite 
Technology, p. 13). 
    This is obviously very embarrassing to the heliocentric people because the 
sun is not supposed to move. The sun does move however and twice a year it is 
over the equator. 
          
  The sun moves across the equator twice a year giving us the vernal (spring) 
and fall (autumnal) equinoxes. 
       2 times each year the sun passes the equator as it makes it north-south 
spiral. 
  On that time, the sun lies on the celestial equator. The word equinox refers 
to the fact that, on this day, the night is equal to the day: each is twelve 
hours long. The sun is directly above the equator, so its rays fall vertically 
down.
  Unfortunately the stationary satellites eclipses the sun and that causes 
electrical noise or interference to the broadcasting signals.
  The Jesuits forgot to change the dictionary!!
  Obviously the Jesuits forget to change the definition of the word EQUINOX in 
the English dictionary because it still gives the true scientific definition of 
the word with the sun MOVING across the equator 2 times each year:

    "Either of the two times during a year when the sun crosses the celestial 
equator and when the length of day and night are approximately equal; the 
vernal equinox or the autumnal equinox."(Webster's Third New International 
Dictionary).
    PanAmSat's Description of sun outages!!
  Description
PanAmSat's commercial communications satellites are geostationary, and 
therefore have orbits that lie near the equatorial plane. During the spring and 
fall equinoxes, the sun also passes close to this plane. As seen from the 
ground, the sun seems to pass behind the satellites once per day. During the 
time when both the satellite and the sun are in the ground station's field of 
view, the RF noise energy from the sun can overpower the signal from the 
satellite. It is this loss or degradation of communications traffic from the 
satellite that is referred to as sun fade, sun transit or sun outage (see 
diagram). 
  
  The duration of the sun outage depends on several things such as: the beam 
width or field of view of the receiving ground antenna, the apparent radius of 
the sun as seen from the Earth (about 0.25°), the RF energy given off by the 
sun, the transmitter power of the satellite, the gain and S/N performance of 
the ground station receive equipment, along with other factors. All this can 
affect whether a ground station will experience a complete loss of signal or 
only a tolerable degradation in signal quality. The exact point at which sun 
outage begins and ends is difficult to determine since it is a gradual 
transition. The gain of an antenna falls off sharply outside the 3dB beam 
width, but it does not immediately go to zero. Therefore, if the sun is just 
outside the antenna's beam width, it can still contribute noise and degrade 
system performance. This makes it difficult to define exactly what conditions 
constitute a sun outage. 
How the program works
  To aid with sun outage predictions, a parameter called outage angle is 
defined for the ground station. Outage angle is defined as the maximum 
separation angle (measured from the ground station antenna) between the 
satellite and the sun's center, that results in a sun outage. In other words, 
if the separation between the satellite and sun is less than the specified 
outage angle, then the station is said to be experiencing a sun outage. 
Otherwise, the station is not experiencing a sun outage (see diagram). 
  
  
  Stationary satellites need very small motors to keep them in their assigned 
slot!!
  According to the heliocentric theory, the earth is moving at about 1.000 mph 
at the equator. If the geostationary satellites were moving they would have to 
move at a speed of about 7.000 mph to maintain a stationary orbit above a fixed 
point on the earth. That is about the same speed as the GPS satellites orbit 
the earth twice a day. However, GPS satellites are equipped with a rocket 
engine to maintain their orbit. 
          
  Geostationary satellite diagram.
Click on image to enlarge. 
         
  Image of a GPS satellite. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep it 
flying in the correct path. The satellites have a lifetime of about 10 years 
until all their fuel runs out. 



 
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