More on viruses and human genetics http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20527451.200-i-virus-why-youre-only-half-human.html I find these topics interesting, translating from genes to memes. If genetics are subject to outside interruptions, so are memetics, our models (those of us who like models) are never so pures as we might sometimes pretend. And yet, they may still be useful. It all bears on just what it might mean to have rule-based systems, shortcomings, faults, and all. Wittgenstein being on both sides of the issue, generally (in later days) being against rules or explaining them as only normative, while the mid-Wittgenstein argued that Godel and Turing's finding (nonconstructive) cases where a logical system failed, was not enough to void the rest of the logic of the system. Just a little interdepartmental thinking out loud. Josh ========================================= Need Something? Check here: http://ludwig.squarespace.com/wittrslinks/