There are two ways* to stream via DirectKS: "standard streaming" and "standard looped streaming". The DirectKS sample only shows how to do "standard streaming". Later-generation drivers tend to be WinRT miniports; portcls only advertises support for "standard looped streaming" on such drivers. Here's a screenshot of KS Studio on hdaudio.sys. [cid:image001.png@01CF8575.CD674A00] The DirectKS sample doesn't work on such devices. It should continue to work (even on Windows 7 or Windows 8) if the driver supports "standard streaming", though. To be more specific: 1. WaveRT miniports (like the inbox Microsoft HD Audio class driver hdaudio.sys) support only "standard looped streaming". 2. WaveCyclic miniports support both streaming models. 3. WavePci miniports support both streaming models. 4. The inbox Microsoft USB Audio class driver (usbaudio.sys) supports only "standard streaming". 5. The inbox Microsoft Bluetooth audio class drivers (btha2dp.sys, bthhfaud.sys) support only "standard streaming". *OK, there's a little bit more than two ways. There's also audio offload, and KSPROPSETID_RtAudio, and other complications. But let's pretend there's only two for now.