In my experience it is generally best to assume that playback is prohibited in wildlife refuges, state and national parks, etc as that is generally the case in most areas. If you aren't sure then just ask the staff at the location you are visiting. In the end it comes down to the fact that we as birders need to respect the birds that we are pursuing and try our best to not cause harm or disturbance. If you have reason to think that what you are doing could cause undue stress or harm to the bird you are trying to see (or potentially cause it to leave the area preventing others from seeing it) then don't do it. Often times patience can be just as effective as playing a tape. All of that said, I certainly feel that there are times and locations where using recordings is perfectly acceptable when it's done properly. I also thought I would pass along this write up from David Sibley's website on the proper use of recordings as it seems to provide a very well thought out position and gives several good reminders. http://www.sibleyguides.com/2011/04/the-proper-use-of-playback-in-birding/ Good Birding, John Tharp Houston, TX