All, I spend a fair amount of time back country skiing in the cascades. I have not encountered Pine Grosbeaks in the Cascades. In addition an exceeding high number of Pine Grosbeaks have been in the Washington Cascades this winter. We encountered them on a recent trip. Finally some of the towns in the Washington cascades have had numerous and unusual in town sightings this winter. These towns have birders in them every winter. I suspect this is more than access. Steve Kornfeld Bend From: llsdirons@xxxxxxx To: obol@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [obol] Re: Question on Pine Grosbeaks Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2015 00:44:04 +0000 Bill, I tend to agree with Bob Archer. Access is everything. I can tell you how many times before this year that I walked up the PCT at Santiam Pass during winter. That would be zero. This area is routinely under feet of snow until May, thus reducing opportunities for all but the most hearty (I'm not one) birders to encounter Pine Grosbeaks in the Cascades. There may well be more around this winter than most years and that is more likely food supply issue. Most of the 'winter' finches are nomadic and inclined to rely on specific trees and cones/catkin crops for their winter food supplies, thus a poor year elsewhere is likely the cause of these birds showing up in places where they are rarely detected. Chances are, the source population of this incursion is not the nearest plausible place. Even in the Wallowas, Pine Grosbeaks aren't particularly abundant. Chances are these birds came much farther away. Dave Irons Portland, OR