Hi all, I tend to agree with Bob Archer's thoughts, that Pine Grosbeaks are regular in the Cascades in winter, but this winter's unusual access has resulted in finding higher numbers. In past winters (at least during my previous stint as a local/regional field notes compiler), it was not unusual to get a few reports of small flocks of Pine Grosbeaks from X-c skiers who went out on the trails in winter. It seems reasonable to view the higher numbers this winter as a function of better access. If you plot up all of the reports (including those who looked but didn't find any), there are only a few reports of more than 20 birds, and many more reports of smaller flocks that are in line with the kinds of numbers that ski-birders have reported in past winters. Plus many reports (and unknown numbers of non-reports) from birders who looked but didn't find any Pine Grosbeaks. Perhaps one could get a better profile of the frequency of detections by looking on eBird, though "motivational censoring" of data has to be significant (Just a thought experiment: if you drive up to Santiam Pass and only find a couple of ravens flying around, are you more or less likely to take the time to go online and punch in your list, than if you also saw your first Linn Co. flock of Pine Grosbeaks or your first Am. Three-toed Woodpeckers for 2015?). These types of sampling bias are very difficult to suss out, even with fancy mathematics, so I expect that if we just look at eBird, we'll be left in the realm of speculation. What's unusual about this winter is that three Pine Grosbeaks were found on Marys Peak in early winter, and recently six were photographed by Bill Proebsting at low elevation in Corvallis. Those extralimital occurrences seem to point to an irruption. Good birding, Joel -- Joel Geier Camp Adair area north of Corvallis OBOL archives: www.freelists.org/archive/obol Manage your account or unsubscribe: //www.freelists.org/list/obol Contact moderators: obol-moderators@xxxxxxxxxxxxx