[blindwoodworker] Re: 54Eucalyptus?

  • From: Larry Martin <woodworkingfortheblind@xxxxxxxxxxx>
  • To: blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
  • Date: Sun, 22 Nov 2009 23:46:46 -0600

My wife and I just enjoyed watching the DVD Australia. What was the local reaction to the movie?



On Nov 22, 2009, at 9:57 PM, JDM wrote:

G'day again John,

OK, I now understand, that 54 really puzzled me. But, as for Eucalyptus being easy to work, there is no single answer. I know of more than 300 varieties of the Eucalyptus genus, and each and every one has a different hardness, density, colour and grain patterning and so on. Here, in the State of Victoria the most commonly used Eucalyptus timber is Victorian Mountain Ash, though if the very same timber happens to come from the State of Tasmania, then it is called Tasmanian Oak. The different climatic conditions of the 2 States has a major effect on the hardness, density, workability and colour. Though Tasmanian Oak is truly a variety of the Eucalyptus genus, and completely unrelated to English, European or American Oak, it was called Oak by the early English settler pioneers because of its very similar appearance and working characteristics.

Unlike the USA, where much of your timber seems to be flat sawn, all timber that is grown and milled in Australia is quarter sawn, or occasionally rift sawn. A consequence of this is that here we do not see any lumber which has the cathedral patterns of the growth rings on the board faces. In quarter sawn timber the growth ring cathedrals would appear on the edges of the boards. But of course, the thinness of the edges precludes the cathedrals from ever being seen.

North American furniture makers seem to utilise these cathedral patterns as an integral part of their overall design to give their pieces a very characteristic American or Canadian look. Australian furniture lumber is all very straight grained, and character can only be imparted by the incorporation of knot marks, gum veins and shakes into the design.

Below, after my signature, is a list of 284 varieties of Australian Eucalyptus.

Hope this has been of interest,

John Milburn

Melbourne Australia.

*Eucalyptus varieties:
Common name, (Botanical name.) *Note: Some varieties do not have a common name.

1.    Alpine or Victorian-ash (Eucalyptus Delegatensis)
2.    Applebox (Eucalyptus Bridgesiana)
3.    Argyle Apple (Eucalyptus Cinerea)
4.    Australian Tallowwood (Eucalyptus Microcorys)
5.    Bell-fruit Mallee (Eucalyptus Preissiana)
6.    Black Ironbox (Eucalyptus Raveretiana)
7.    Black Marlock (Eucalyptus Redunca)
8.    Black Peppermint (Eucalyptus Salicifolia)
9.    Black-box (Eucalyptus Largiflorens)
10.Swampy Blackbutt (Eucalyptus Pilularis)
11.Tableland Blackbutt (Eucalyptus Patens)
12.Blue-leaf Stringybark (Eucalyptus Agglomerata)
13.Book-leaf Mallee (Eucalyptus Kruseana)
14.Broadleaf Peppermint Gum (Eucalyptus Dives)
15.Brown Barrel (Eucalyptus Fastigata)
16.Brown Mallet (Eucalyptus Astringens)
17.Brown Stringybark (Eucalyptus Baxteri)
18.Brown Stringybark (Eucalyptus Capitellata)
19.Bull Mallee (Eucalyptus Behriana)
20.Bullich (Eucalyptus Megacarpa)
21.Bushy Yate (Eucalyptus Lehmannii)
22.Cabbage Gum (Eucalyptus Amplifolia)
23.Camden Woollybutt (Eucalyptus Macarthurii)
24.Candlebark (Eucalyptus Rubida)
25.Chapped Mallee (Eucalyptus Pileata)
26.Cider Gum (Eucalyptus Gunnii)
27.Cloeziana Gum (Eucalyptus Cloeziana)
28.Coarse-leaf Mallee (Eucalyptus Grossa)
29.Coolabah (Eucalyptus Microtheca)
30.Coral Gum (Eucalyptus Torquata)
31.Curly Mallee (Eucalyptus Gillii)
32.Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Spathulata)
33.Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Rigens)
34.Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Halophila)
35.Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Mundijongensis)
36.Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Loxophleba)
37.Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Oleosa)
38.Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Sargentii)
39.Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Fruticetorum)
40.(Eucalyptus Acaciiformis)
41.(Eucalyptus Accedens)
42.(Eucalyptus Albida)
43.(Eucalyptus Anceps)
44.(Eucalyptus Andrewsii)
45.(Eucalyptus Apiculata)
46.(Eucalyptus Approximans)
47.(Eucalyptus Badjensis)
48.(Eucalyptus Baeuerlenii)
49.(Eucalyptus Bancroftii)
50.(Eucalyptus Beyeri)
51.(Eucalyptus Blakelyi)
52.(Eucalyptus Blaxlandii)
53.(Eucalyptus Bosistoana)
54.(Eucalyptus Brachycalyx)
55.(Eucalyptus Brachycorys)
56.(Eucalyptus Brockwayi)
57.(Eucalyptus Buprestium)
58.(Eucalyptus Burracoppinensis)
59.(Eucalyptus Caesia)
60.(Eucalyptus Caliginosa)
61.(Eucalyptus Calycogona)
62.(Eucalyptus Cambageana)
63.(Eucalyptus Camphora)
64.(Eucalyptus Cephalocarpa)
65.(Eucalyptus Clelandii)
66.(Eucalyptus Cneorifolia)
67.(Eucalyptus Coccifera)
68.(Eucalyptus Concinna)
69.(Eucalyptus Conglobata)
70.(Eucalyptus Consideniana)
71.(Eucalyptus Coronata)
72.(Eucalyptus Corrugata)
73.(Eucalyptus Cosmophylla)
74.(Eucalyptus Crucis)
75.(Eucalyptus Cyanophylla)
76.(Eucalyptus Cylindriflora)
77.(Eucalyptus Cylindrocarpa)
78.(Eucalyptus Dalrympleana)
79.(Eucalyptus Decipiens)
80.(Eucalyptus Desmondensis)
81.(Eucalyptus Dielsii)
82.(Eucalyptus Diptera)
83.(Eucalyptus Doratoxylon)
84.(Eucalyptus Dorrigoensis)
85.(Eucalyptus Drummondii)
86.(Eucalyptus Dumosa)
87.(Eucalyptus Dundasii)
88.(Eucalyptus Dunnii)
89.(Eucalyptus Dwyeri)
90.(Eucalyptus Ebbanoensis)
91.(Eucalyptus Eremicola)
92.(Eucalyptus Eremophila)
93.(Eucalyptus Erythrocorys)
94.(Eucalyptus Erythronema)
95.(Eucalyptus Eudesmioides)
96.(Eucalyptus Ewartiana)
97.(Eucalyptus Exilis)
98.(Eucalyptus Exserta)
99.(Eucalyptus Falcata)
100.                    (Eucalyptus Fibrosa)
101.                    (Eucalyptus Foecunda)
102.                    (Eucalyptus Formanii)
103.                    (Eucalyptus Fraseri)
104.                    (Eucalyptus Gamophylla)
105.                    (Eucalyptus Gardneri)
106.                    (Eucalyptus Gittinsii)
107.                    (Eucalyptus Globoidea)
108.                    (Eucalyptus Gongylocarpa)
109.                    (Eucalyptus Goniantha)
110.                    (Eucalyptus Gregsoniana)
111.                    (Eucalyptus Griffithsii)
112.                    (Eucalyptus Incrassata)
113.                    (Eucalyptus Intertexta)
114.                    (Eucalyptus Kartzoffiana)
115.                    (Eucalyptus Kingsmillii)
116.                    (Eucalyptus Kitsoniana)
117.                    (Eucalyptus Kondininensis)
118.                    (Eucalyptus Kybeanensis)
119.                    (Eucalyptus Langleyi)
120.                    (Eucalyptus Lansdowneana)
121.                    (Eucalyptus Leptophleba)
122.                    (Eucalyptus Leptopoda)
123.                    (Eucalyptus Lesouefii)
124.                    (Eucalyptus Ligulata)
125.                    (Eucalyptus Lirata)
126.                    (Eucalyptus Longicornis)
127.                    (Eucalyptus Major)
128.                    (Eucalyptus Mannifera)
129.                    (Eucalyptus Megacornuta)
130.                    (Eucalyptus Merrickiae)
131.                    (Eucalyptus Michaeliana)
132.                    (Eucalyptus Microcarpa)
133.                    (Eucalyptus Multicaulis)
134.                    (Eucalyptus Neglecta)
135.                    (Eucalyptus Nicholii)
136.                    (Eucalyptus Normantonensis)
137.                    (Eucalyptus Notabilis)
138.                    (Eucalyptus Oblonga)
139.                    (Eucalyptus Obtusiflora)
140.                    (Eucalyptus Odorata)
141.                    (Eucalyptus Oldfieldii)
142.                    (Eucalyptus Oligantha)
143.                    (Eucalyptus Olsenii)
144.                    (Eucalyptus Oraria)
145.                    (Eucalyptus Oreades)
146.                    (Eucalyptus Orgadophila)
147.                    (Eucalyptus Ovata)
148.                    (Eucalyptus Ovularis)
149.                    (Eucalyptus Oxymitra)
150.                    (Eucalyptus Pachyloma)
151.                    (Eucalyptus Pachyphylla)
152.                    (Eucalyptus Parramattensis)
153.                    (Eucalyptus Pellita)
154.                    (Eucalyptus Phoenicea)
155.                    (Eucalyptus Pimpiniana)
156.                    (Eucalyptus Platycorys)
157.                    (Eucalyptus Platypus)
158.                    (Eucalyptus Plenissima)
159.                    (Eucalyptus Populnea)
160.                    (Eucalyptus Praecox)
161.                    (Eucalyptus Prava)
162.                    (Eucalyptus Pulchella)
163.                    (Eucalyptus Pumila)
164.                    (Eucalyptus Pyrocarpa)
165.                    (Eucalyptus Rigidula)
166.                    (Eucalyptus Salubris)
167.                    (Eucalyptus Sclerophylla)
168.                    (Eucalyptus Sessilis)
169.                    (Eucalyptus Steedmanii)
170.                    (Eucalyptus Stellulata)
171.                    (Eucalyptus Stenostoma)
172.                    (Eucalyptus Stoatei)
173.                    (Eucalyptus Stowardii)
174.                    (Eucalyptus Striaticalyx)
175.                    (Eucalyptus Stricklandii)
176.                    (Eucalyptus Stricta)
177.                    (Eucalyptus Tenuipes)
178.                    (Eucalyptus Tenuiramis)
179.                    (Eucalyptus Tetraptera)
180.                    (Eucalyptus Thozetiana)
181.                    (Eucalyptus Todtiana)
182.                    (Eucalyptus Triflora)
183.                    (Eucalyptus Trivalvis)
184.                    (Eucalyptus Umbra)
185.                    (Eucalyptus Vernicosa)
186.                    (Eucalyptus Viridis)
187.                    (Eucalyptus Websteriana)
188.                    (Eucalyptus Yalatensis)
189.                    (Eucalyptus Youmanii)
190.                    (Eucalyptus Youngiana)
191.                    (Eucalyptus ×antipolitensis)
192.                    (Eucalyptus ×mcintyrensis)
193.                    (Eucalyptus ×mortoniana)
194.                    (Eucalyptus ×trabutii)
195.                    Flat-top Yate (Eucalyptus Occidentalis)
196.                    Forest Redgum (Eucalyptus Tereticornis)
197.                    Fuschia Gum (Eucalyptus Forrestiana)
198.                    Grampians Gum (Eucalyptus Alpina)
199.                    Grand Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Grandis)
200.                    Gray Gum (Eucalyptus Punctata)
201.                    Gray Gum (Eucalyptus Propinqua)
202.                    Gray Ironbark (Eucalyptus Paniculata)
203.                    Gray Mallee (Eucalyptus Morrisii)
204.                    Gray-box (Eucalyptus Moluccana)
205.                    Hook-leaf Mallee (Eucalyptus Uncinata)
206.                    Indonesian Gum (Eucalyptus Deglupta)
207.                    Jarrah (Eucalyptus Marginata)
208.                    Johnston's Gum (Eucalyptus Johnstonii)
209.                    Karri (Eucalyptus Diversicolor)
210.                    Kybean Gum (Eucalyptus Parvula)
211.                    Lemon-flower Gum (Eucalyptus Woodwardii)
212.                    Long-flower Marlock (Eucalyptus Macrandra)
213.                    Manna Gum (Eucalyptus Viminalis)
214.                    Merrit (Eucalyptus Flocktoniae)
215.                    Messmate (Eucalyptus Obliqua)
216.                    Mottlecah (Eucalyptus Macrocarpa)
217.                    Mountain Gray Gum (Eucalyptus Cypellocarpa)
218.                    Mountain Graygum (Eucalyptus Goniocalyx)
219.                    Mountain-ash (Eucalyptus Regnans)
220. Narrow-leaf Peppermint Gum (Eucalyptus Robertsonii) 221. Narrow-leaf Peppermint Gum (Eucalyptus Radiata)
222.                    Narrow-leaf-box (Eucalyptus Pilligaensis)
223.                    Narrowleaf Red Ironbark (Eucalyptus Crebra)
224. Needle-bark Stringybark (Eucalyptus Planchoniana) 225. Northern Gray Ironbark (Eucalyptus Siderophloia)
226.                    Open-fruit Mallee (Eucalyptus Annulata)
227.                    Pear-fruit Mallee (Eucalyptus Pyriformis)
228.                    Port Jackson Mallee (Eucalyptus Obstans)
229. Queensland White Stringybark (Eucalyptus Nigra)
230.                    Red Ironbark (Eucalyptus Sideroxylon)
231.                    Red Mallee (Eucalyptus Gracilis)
232.                    Red Stringybark (Eucalyptus Macrorhyncha)
233.                    Red-flower Moort (Eucalyptus Nutans)
234.                    Redbox (Eucalyptus Polyanthemos)
235.                    Redmahogany (Eucalyptus Resinifera)
236.                    Redwood (Eucalyptus Transcontinentalis)
237.                    Risdon Peppermint Gum (Eucalyptus Risdonii)
238.                    River Peppermint Gum (Eucalyptus Elata)
239.                    River Redgum (Eucalyptus Camaldulensis)
240.                    Round-leaf Mallee (Eucalyptus Orbifolia)
241.                    Roundleaf Gum (Eucalyptus Deanei)
242.                    Salmon Gum (Eucalyptus Salmonophloia)
243.                    Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus Rossii)
244.                    Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus Haemastoma)
245.                    Shining Gum (Eucalyptus Nitens)
246.                    Silver-dollar Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Cordata)
247.                    Silver-leaf Ironbark (Eucalyptus Melanophloia)
248.                    Silver-top Gimlet (Eucalyptus Campaspe)
249. Silverleaf Mountain Gum (Eucalyptus Pulverulenta)
250.                    Silvertop Stringybark (Eucalyptus Laevopinea)
251.                    Silvertop-ash (Eucalyptus Sieberi)
252.                    Slaty Gum (Eucalyptus Dawsonii)
253.                    Smith's Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Smithii)
254.                    Smithton Peppermint Gum (Eucalyptus Nitida)
255.                    Snow Gum (Eucalyptus Pauciflora)
256.                    Southern Mahogany (Eucalyptus Botryoides)
257.                    Spinning Gum (Eucalyptus Perriniana)
258.                    Spotted Gum (Eucalyptus Maculata)
259.                    Sugargum (Eucalyptus Cladocalyx)
260.                    Swampmahogany (Eucalyptus Robusta)
261.                    Sydney Bluegum (Eucalyptus Saligna)
262.                    Sydney Peppermint-tree (Eucalyptus Piperita)
263.                    Tallerack (Eucalyptus Tetragona)
264.                    Tasmanian Bluegum (Eucalyptus Globulus)
265.                    Tenterfield Woollybutt (Eucalyptus Banksii)
266.                    Thin-leaf Stringybark (Eucalyptus Eugenioides)
267.                    Tingiringi Gum (Eucalyptus Glaucescens)
268.                    Tuart (Eucalyptus Gomphocephala)
269.                    Tumbledown Gum (Eucalyptus Dealbata)
270.                    Urn Gum (Eucalyptus Urnigera)
271.                    Wandoo (Eucalyptus Wandoo)
272.                    Weeping Gum (Eucalyptus Sepulcralis)
273. Western Australian Floodedgum (Eucalyptus Rudis)
274.                    White Box (Eucalyptus Hemiphloia)
275.                    White Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Alba)
276.                    White Ironbark (Eucalyptus Leucoxylon)
277.                    White-ash (Eucalyptus Fraxinoides)
278.                    White-mahogany (Eucalyptus Acmenoides)
279.                    Whitetop-box (Eucalyptus Quadrangulata)
280.                    Woollybutt (Eucalyptus Longifolia)
281.                    Yate (Eucalyptus Cornuta)
282.                    Yellow Stringybark (Eucalyptus Muelleriana)
283.                    Yellow-box (Eucalyptus Melliodora)
284. Yellow-top Mallee-ash (Eucalyptus Luehmanniana)


----- Original Message -----
From: John Sherrer
To: blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Monday, November 23, 2009 12:19 PM
Subject: [blindwoodworker] Re: 54Eucalyptus?

The 54 was an error. I did not know that It was part of the email until I sent it. Since I could not spell the word, I copyed and pasted, but I also
got the 54 in there.
I am building a Wood Toxicity chart for the web site, and copied from there.

John
http://WhiteCane.org
http://BlindWoodWorker.com
http://HolyTeaClub.comcom\whitecane
http://anellos.ws

----- Original Message -----
From: "JDM" <sunnyday001@xxxxxxxxx>
To: <blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Sunday, November 22, 2009 4:29 PM
Subject: [blindwoodworker] 54Eucalyptus?


G'day John,

Hmmmm, I've never heard of any Australian timber known or referred to as 54Eucalyptus. A google search led me to a property that is for sale and located at 54 Eucalyptus Street, in Mill Valley California. This property has, or had 54 mature Eucalyptus Saligna trees growing on it, and these trees were to be harvested before the sale of the allotment. I'm guessing, but perhaps the Lumber merchant who milled these trees is marketing the lumber as "54Eucalyptus?" It's a wild guess, but the best I can come up with
for the moment.

If my guess is correct, then Wikipedia has the following to say about the
Eucalyptus Saligna or Sydney Blue Gum.
"
Eucalyptus saligna, known as the Sydney Blue Gum, is a large Australian hardwood (flowering) tree common along the New South Wales seaboard and into Queensland, reaching about 65 metres in height. It is a common plantation
timber in Australia and South Africa.
The wood of this species is heavy (about 850 kg/m3), fairly hard, coarse, even textured and reasonably easy to work. It is used for general building
construction, panelling, and boat-building, and is highly prized for
flooring and furniture because of its rich dark honey colour."

Hope this helps.

John Milburn

Melbourne Australia.
----- Original Message -----
From: John Sherrer
To: blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Sunday, November 22, 2009 5:27 AM
Subject: [blindwoodworker] 54Eucalyptus


Hi John
Have you worked with 54Eucalyptus  at all?  Is the wood good for
woodworking?

John
http://WhiteCane.org
http://BlindWoodWorker.com
http://HolyTeaClub.comcom\whitecane
http://anellos.ws

----- Original Message -----
From: JDM
To: blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Friday, November 20, 2009 3:15 PM
Subject: [blindwoodworker] Re: Work Bench


Gooday John,

Yes, Lee Valley does send out their Newsletter via E-mail. I'm not certain of the regularity, but it seems to be about every 3 months or so. Lee Valley promise not to share your E-mail address with anybody else, and they are true to their word, as I've never been bothered by SPAM arising from their
side. The URL to sign-up is:
http://www.leevalley.com/home/OptInStart.aspx


Hope this helps,

John
----- Original Message -----
From: John Sherrer
To: blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Thursday, November 19, 2009 9:19 AM
Subject: [blindwoodworker] Re: Work Bench


Hi John
Thanks for the info. Does Lee Balley send out their newsletter by email? The big difference with the bench I am making the the ability to flip the top over to change color, giving contrast. for INSTANCE, YOU WOULD WANT A LIGHT COLORED TOP FOR BLACK WALNUT, AND A DARK TOP FOR MAPLE. tHIS IS FOR
VISUALLY IMPAIRED, IT WILL NOT HELP THE TOTAL BLIND.
i CANNOT SEE MUCH, BUT i CAN SEE EXTREME CONTRAST.

John
http://WhiteCane.org
http://BlindWoodWorker.com
http://HolyTeaClub.comcom\whitecane
http://anellos.ws

----- Original Message -----
From: JDM
To: blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Wednesday, November 18, 2009 3:17 AM
Subject: [blindwoodworker] Re: Work Bench


Gooday John,

In the current Lee Valley Tools - Woodworking Newsletter, there's an article on the fanciest Woodwork bench I ever did hear about. Actually, apart from the fancy Brasswork and concealed vise mechanism, it doesn't sound to very different to one I built about 2 years ago. I built mine from Tasmanian Oak,
an Australian hardwood species.
Mine has both a front and end vise, and four rows of 3/4", or 19mm
bench-dog holes which precisely align with dog holes drilled into the top edge of the vise face-plates. If I want to quickly make up a panel by edge
joining 2 or 3 planks, I just apply glue to the plank edges, and then
squeeze the planks up tight between a couple of dogs in the bench top and a couple of dogs mounted in the top of the vise faceplate. To prevent the panel buckling or bowing upwards, I just use a quick release clamp at one end of the bench, with 1 clamp jaw below the rail and the other jaw on top of the workpiece, and using a spare dog hole, I flatten out the panel with a right angle bench holdown clamp at the other end. For a quick job it works well, and saves a lot of bother not having to get out and adjusting several
T-bar Sash cramps.

The Lee Valley Tools - Woodworking Newsletter, can be found at the following
URL:
http://www.leevalley.com/newsletters/Woodworking/4/2/article1.htm


I hope this is of interest,

John Milburn

Melbourne Australia.


----- Original Message -----
From: John Sherrer
To: blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Tuesday, November 17, 2009 4:19 AM
Subject: [blindwoodworker] Re: Work Bench


They say that a black locus fence post will last 70 years without any
treatment.

John
http://WhiteCane.org
http://BlindWoodWorker.com
http://HolyTeaClub.comcom\whitecane
http://anellos.ws

----- Original Message -----
From: Larry Martin
To: blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Wednesday, November 11, 2009 9:12 PM
Subject: [blindwoodworker] Re: Work Bench


But they sure made great fence posts!






On Nov 11, 2009, at 9:31 AM, Tom Hodges wrote:


It was good to hear from someone on this list.
I’ve never used the black locust wood but hearing about it brought back a
lot of unpleasant memories.
I lived on 5 and a half acres in Florence, Kentucky about 30 years ago and there were plenty of black locust trees around. I especially remember the 2 to 4 inch long thorns that went right through my riding mower tires. I also remember getting stuck with those things and it would temporarily cause a pain to run from your finger all the way up your arm. I guess the is some
kind of poison in those thorns and they sure hurt.
Again, thanks for the memories.  Grin.
Regards, Tom
From: blindwoodworker-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:blindwoodworker-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of John E Sherrer
Sent: Tuesday, November 10, 2009 8:43 PM
To: blindwoodworker@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [blindwoodworker] Work Bench

I am currently building an adaptive work bench.  The primary wood I am
using is Black Locus, also called Black Acaicia. It may be in the top three
of the hardest woods grown in the U.S.

Since I live 200 miles from my shop, it is a slow process getting it done. We have a second home in the North Carolina mountains and we do plan to move
their.  While my business is going good, we will not move.
John
http://WhiteCane.org
http://BlindWoodWorker.com
http://abrcaa.com
http://www.holyteaclub.com/whitecane




Larry Martin
woodworkingfortheblind@xxxxxxxxxxx



Larry Martin
woodworkingfortheblind@xxxxxxxxxxx




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