Zhangkun, I don't know where K3=K1*K2 comes from, but I think it is just plain wrong. You could have positive coupling between L1 and L2 and between L2 and L3, but the coupling between L1 and L3 could be negative or zero. You can't guess what it is from the other coupling coefficients. Or consider the case where L1 and L3 are tightly coupled but L2 is far away. K1 and K2 are small, but K3 isn't. K3!=K1*K2. The same goes for any number of coupled inductors. You need to specify every non-zero coefficient; you can't guess one based on the others. Regards, Andy ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu