That was my thought as diffusion on the camera would have had more effect on the highlights. Sorry about the dial-up! I can empathize as I'm typing from the 'land of kernel panics & bad ram' presently. It's taking up my time from my toning tests! Eric ________________________________ From: Richard Knoppow <dickburk@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> To: pure-silver@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Wed, February 23, 2011 9:50:05 AM Subject: [pure-silver] Re: Hubert Grooteclaes I am on my dial-up right now so looking at the images is really not possible. However, FWIW, soft focus lenses and diffusers tend to spread out bright areas of the image. When used on a camera they diffuse the highlights mostly, spreading them out. The exact effect depends on the mechanism of diffusion, i.e. whether from uncorrected spherical aberration or straight diffusion from some object in front of the lens. When used on an enlarger, and enlarging from negatives, the effect on the print is the reverse: the lens is still diffusing the bright areas but these are now the shadows so the effect in the print is to spread out or blur the shadows. While this kind of diffusion has been used to good effect it is quite different from the effect on a camera or when making a reversal enlargement. I find it mostly leads to rather murky images where the effect on highlights leads to a glowing quality. Without seeing the photos I have no idea of what Grootclaes was doing but it should be fairly obvious. OTOH, if he was able to make sharp print later than the diffusion or whatever it was, had to be on the enlarger. There are a great many materials which can be used for diffusion, those with simple geometrical patterns, like cheesecloth or window screen, tend to have a directional diffraction pattern (typically star- or cross-shaped) where a soft focus lens does not.