I know that the ! can mean that the password field is blank or disabled... what I need to do is to use the passwd command to get it to write a !! in the password field of /etc/shadow. Any suggestions? Mike K. PS: Yes, I have googled it... extensively. PPS: Yes, I know I can, as root, edit /etc/shadow and do it manually. Trust me when I say that there are reasons I don't want to do that unless I absolutely have to.