In a message dated 8/27/2004 7:56:09 PM Eastern Daylight Time, aamago@xxxxxxxxxxxxx writes: The 20th century proved beyond a doubt that philosopher kings and "benevolent dictators" rot from within. Please provide examples of either (or both) from the 20th century. While you're at it, and if you don't mind the effort, please supply grounds for regarding history as a laboratory or test facility for empirical proof of anything, beyond the notion that some events are recorded from some points of view. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html