>RUNNING PROGRAMS are still abstract unless they are spelled out in 1st order >brute causal terms. Programs are not so spelled out and it is in virtue of >this that they have the power to simulate as well as they do. I think that RUNNING PROGRAMS need not be abstract unless there is some meaning we associate with the states of the machine as it executes. I think that some programs can have no such interpretable states. Even the interpretation of states as "ones and zeros" is not native to executing programs. I think once the program is executing it can be described in the 1st order brute causal terms of physics and perhaps sometimes that is the only way it can be described. I think that some RUNNING PROGRAMS can be abstract provided we attach a semantics to their states and thus form from them a syntax. We cannot do this arbitrarily. If I have a simulation of a hydrogen bomb I must have some aspect of the computer correspond to some aspect of the explosion or I can't make it work. I may also use the computer to process symbols in another syntax in which case the interpretation of the syntax of the states in the machine are symbols in another syntax which can in turn be further interpreted. Such a machine is the original CRA which processed "squiggles" which could be interpreted as Chinese symbols and which then in turn could be read to understand the meaning of the statements they represent. If a program can directly observe and record some aspect of an actual hydrogen bomb explosion then the recording in its data can be regarded (I think... not sure) as a syntax whose semantics is... again not sure... the hydrogen bomb? Or is it the meaning of that hydrogen bomb? In any case I can interpret the syntax so recorded with the semantics of a hydrogen bomb. (This means that it may be possible to read a brain that is not my own once I knows the interpretation of its states.) If a first person semantics were created by such a syntax. I could erroneously call the first person semantics so created an "illusion" or "trick" played by the states. If we provided another syntax for the same semantics, say some valves and pipes with water flowing, then again I can identify the syntax so recorded with the semantics of a hydrogen bomb (or its meaning). Again a first person semantics of a hydrogen bomb could also be caused by such a syntax. However, whether either syntax causes a first person semantics and not just a third person semantics is a question of fact and it might be true that neither, one or the other, or both does. It cannot be either established or disallowed by the fact that the states do in fact constitute a syntax. If a zombie and a person saw a bomb go off I could read either brain provided I knew how to correlate their state with information about the bomb. Just because I could do that does not mean that there is a first person present, but it also does not mean one is absent. In any case, if I were called on to be part of a machine to execute the program by writing some numbers on paper etc perhaps, and there was a first person semantics produced then that first person semantics would not be experienced by me. That does not mean therefore that it does not exist. While I cannot deny that a first person semantics could be produced by such a situation it seems that Ocham's razor would prevent me from assuming it did without some other facts. In the case of us humans I think the other facts are produced by looking in the mirror and at others. That conclusion remains tentative unless a way was created to do something like the Vulcan mind meld. However, with my body being so typical, and the expressions of the people I know being so understandable, the simplest explanation is that you are not all Zombies. As the similarity between my physiology and some other physiology degrades on a continuum I would be less and less justified in saying that a first person exists. ========================================== Need Something? Check here: http://ludwig.squarespace.com/wittrslinks/